J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida: State-Models (Utopias) and Sociology of Medicine
M. Vida : State-Mo dels (Utopias). 17 and mainly to the Isle of Happiness, supported More to write his book in a moral and methodological way. 1 7 From Italian renaissance authors, Lorenzo Valla, Ficino and mainly Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, he borrowed the pleasure of life and desire for happiness. 1 8 More might be informed about several communistic communities functioned in the 16th century. He knew about the Dalmatian-Slavonian peasant community, the communistic organization in the town of Tabor, or the developing Bohemian-Moravian brotherhood, which flourished about 1500. 1 9 Nearly one hundred years later Tommaso Campanella's (1568—1639) Civitas Solis ("The City of the Sun") was written in the prison of inquisition, in 1602, therefore it could be published only in 1623. Campanella lived under the darkest age of inquisition, after destroying the perspectives of the Italian Renaissance and humanism. That was the very time when Giordano Bruno's stake was burning, Copernicus's ideas had been denounced by the Pope in 1616, and when Galilei had been committed for trial. Campanella, the plebeian descendent Dominican monk, was also dragged off to prison in the castle of Naples. During the 25 years he spent in prison his ideal and imagined "State of Sun" had been born, and became one of the most important compositions of the early Utopias. There is a basic difference between More's and Campanella's ideas, because of their historical period. More was born in the centralized England, that is why he dreamt of a nation-state, Campanella's city-state —just like the Platonic —was built up by Italian reality. Instead of a united state, Italy meant city-states being in business at the beginning of the 17th century. Moreover because of the pressing forwards of Turkish and the discovery of America foreign trade ceased to exist and Italy became a pawn of internal powers, England, France and the German Empire. Inspite of the difference of historico-political situation, in main issues —as the issue of social equality or ceasing private property —they had mutual opinions. In their philosophy public health became a most important problem in the frame of a well-organized and controlled society, that the importance of medicine —under the influence of medical practice started in the Renaissance — increased. Through our examination we shall see, that in Campanella's state physicians get prominent role among the leaders. 1 7 Kardos, T. : Utószó (Postscript.) Morus: Utopia. Bp. 1963. 128 p. 1 8 Saitta, G. : II pensiero ... About the philosophy of Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola; ib. 193., 260—262 p. — Lorenzo Valla's philosophy. 1 9 Alekseiew, M. P. : Slavic Sources of Thomas More's Utopia. Moscow, 1957.; Kardos, T. : A Huszita Biblia keletkezése (The Origin of Hussite Bible.) Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelv- és Irodalomtudományi Közi. 1952, Vol. III, 165 p. John Morton was on mission to King Matthias of Hungary in 1474 to form a league against Wladislas Jagelló, who was supported by Hussite estates. About that mission and the negotiations in 1501 — 1502: Fest, A.: Anglo —Hungarian contacts in the Middle Ages. Studies in English Philology. Vol. II, Bp. 1937, 53—59 p. 2 Orvostörténeti Közlemények 6.
