Antall József szerk.: Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 5. (Budapest, 1972)

Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts (Guide for the Exhibition)

Tivadar Margó (i 816-1896) was professor of zoology and comparative anatomy. He was a famous biologist of his age who first introduced Darwinism in Hungary. Special mention should be made on Ignác Sauer (1801-1863) not only on account of his merits in the War of Independence but also for the fact that he belonged to those professors who delivered their inauguration speech in Hungarian. He was professor of pathology and therapy at the university and he is reputed also for the introduction of auscultation and percussion. Frigyes Korányi (1823-1913), a member of the "Balassa-circle" was the first great representative of internal medicine in Hungary who won European reputation. After the War of Independence he was exiled to Nagykálló, his native village, but in vain, Hungarian medicine could not do without his vast knowledge. He was university professor from 1866 to 1908 and took an active part in reforming public health. He started the fight against tuberculosis in Hungary and his activity opened a new epoch in treating the diseases of the kidneys. In his medical activity he represented progressive and modern ideas which were welcomed by all. Lajos Arányi (1812-1887) (Fig. 68.) was another remarkable representative of this generation. He furnished the department of pathological anatomy at his own costs. He was professor of pathological anatomy between 1861 and 1873 but his activities covered archaeology, museology and the protection of historic monuments as well. Among his contemporaries mention should be made of János Wagner (1811-1889), professor of internal medicine, József Török (18141894), professor of forensic medicine and public health, and Ignác Hirschler (1823-1891) the famous oculist, who was private doctor of János Arany for a longer time. The show-cases present dental and ophthalmological instruments and a few interesting pieces of the collection of spectacles in the possession of the museum. Special mention should be made of János Czermák's (1828-1873) laryngoscope, constructed by him in 1858 (Fig. 69.). Czermák - a Czech by birth - was professor of physiology at the Faculty of Medicine of Pest between 1858 and i860. The exhibited instruments (laryngoscopes, auroscopes, nasoscopes, tongue-spatulas, laryngeal painters, etc.) aim at representing the contemporary standard of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Hungary.