Kapronczay Károly szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 202-205. (Budapest, 2008)

TANULMÁNYOK — ARTICLES - VARGA, Gabriella: A comparative study of the social-political determinants of infant and child mortality in Sweden and Hungary 1850-1945. - Összehasonlító tanulmány a svéd és a magyar csecsemőhalandóság szociálpolitikai tényezőiről 1850 és 1945 között

century) or that improvements in housing standards like the establishment of the water and sanitation system occurred earlier in Stockholm than in Budapest or another the earlier protection of the infants of the unmarried mothers. We also think that the accumulated effect of these reasons could partly explain the stagnation in the decline of IMR in the Hungarian capital compared with Stockholm. From a nearly similar size, the two cities growth took different ways. In less than 100 years Stockholm grew from approximately 75000 inhabitants in 1820 to 342000 in 1910, whereas Budapest developed from a city of 78000 inhabitants in 1820 to a metropolis of 831 thousands in 1910. However, the IMR decreased more in Budapest than in Stockholm between 1886-1910, making it difficult to make any conclusions. Could the later immigration have a worse effect on the IMR than before? Why? We know that the stagnation of the IMR in Budapest came after 1910 when the IMR among unmarried mothers became higher. Could their groups IMR increase stay alone for its stagnation phase in Budapest compared with Stockholm after 1910? Did the World War I and Trianon treaty have the biggest effect on IMR? Determinant Hungary Sweden Breastfeeding no rates no rates Start of midwives education 3 770 1707 Deliveries assisted by midwives no data 73%( 1890-99) General education (literacy rate) 37%(1869) 90%( 1800) 43%(1880) 48%(1890) universal(1890) Economy (est. GDP, compared with UKs 100) 22,6(1870) 48.2 (1870) 26.3 (1890) 48,3 (1890) 35,3 (1910) 60,0(1910) Religion and ethnicity heterogenous homogenous Smallpox vaccination 1887 1816 Water/Sanitation Ca. 1890 1861 Population growth (thousands in Budapest and Stockholm) 470(1890) 246(1890) 675 (1900) 300 (1900) 831 (1910) 342 (1910) Family size, total fertility rate (TFR) 5,28 (1900) 3,9 (1901) 2,84(1930) 2,02(1960) 2,3 (1967) Urban/rural ratio <1 <1 (after 1930) Table 2 - Summary of determinants with possible influence on infant mortality