Kapronczay Károly szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 202-205. (Budapest, 2008)

TANULMÁNYOK — ARTICLES - VARGA, Gabriella: A comparative study of the social-political determinants of infant and child mortality in Sweden and Hungary 1850-1945. - Összehasonlító tanulmány a svéd és a magyar csecsemőhalandóság szociálpolitikai tényezőiről 1850 és 1945 között

Figure 4. IMR in Stockholm and Budapest, with regard to the mothers marital status (1851-1930) Source: Statistisk

mànadskrift 1932. 4. P.l 1-15 (Stockholm), Bakács, 1948 (Budapest) Budapest Budapest was also one of the cities which experienced great changes during the end of the 19

th century and at the beginning of the 20

th century experiencing both industrialization and mass immigration following their positive and negative effects. In Budapest, under-5 mortality shows big differences depending on the mothers' marital status, housing conditions, districts, and religion in the study period. Elevated risk of dying among children born out of wedlock can be seen from the late 1890s. The IMR among these infants increased during the next decades from 189 per 1000 in 1900 peaking at 352 per 1000 in 1922. Risk of dying for infants born out of wedlock was two times higher at the beginning of 1920s. Mortality declined faster in this group for a short period after 1925 then decreased at a similar rate in all the groups and the difference in IMR remained almost stable until 1944. Proportion of children born out wedlock between 1877-1885 reached however its top at 30-33%, then it declined constantly while it still remained high at about 26 % for the next decades (Bakács, 1948).