Kapronczay Károly szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 200-201. (Budapest, 2007)

TANULMÁNYOK — ARTICLES - FORRAI, Judit: History of a Special Healing Method for Motor-disordered Children: Conductive Education - A mozgásszervi betegségben szenvedő gyermekek egyik sajátos gyógymódja, a konduktív nevelés története

patients into society and improving their intellects. He and Béla Török , who was wellknown in Europe (György Békésy

45 made the first Hungarian audiometer in his laboratories for him) founded the Institute for the hard-of-hearing.

46 In 1937 Bárczi became Director of the Institute for the Disabled in Alkotás street, which was on the site of the Institute for the Mentally Disabled founded by Jakab Frim in 1875. From then on he worked with the education and upbringing of mentally disabled people. In 1944, during the war, many Jewish children found refuge there. After the war Pető started rebuilding the ruined Institute and school education with great dynamism. The beginning After the war Pető wanted to improve the condition of motor-disabled people by some method which, even in the prevailing circumstances (lack of medicine, experts and instruments) made successful treatment possible. That's how he became interested in movement therapy. The treatment of children and patients with palsy, hyperactive patients and spastic ones was the task of the Institute of Special Education, directed by Gusztáv Bárczi. Pető arrived just at the best time with his ideas. Bárczi, who was also the director of the College of Special Education, did not need to be persuaded about the effects of movement therapy, since it had been used for a long time with blind and hearing impaired patients. In the laboratory of therapeutics at the College directed by the world-famous Lipót Szondi

47

, Lucy Liebermann, Mrs. Pátzai

48

, and Adolf Sulyomi Schulmann were already using motor education and motor tests, especially with speech impaired patients, in the 1930s. A Methodology of corrective motor education had already been written. Lucy Liebermann taught motor education. Movement therapy however, which had been performed and suggested by Pető, became a new target group and a new possibility for the College. After the war a lot of drifting orphans wandered in the shot and bomb-torn town. They were hungry, cold and ill. It was a great problem for the responsible political leaders to accommodate these children.

49 43 He gives name to a new clinical picture (subdomutatis corticalis). 44 Béla Török (1871-1925). Götze, Á. jun.: A Fül-Orr-Gégészeti Osztály története. In: A Szent János Kórház Centenáriumi Evkönyve, Budapest, Szent János Kórház, 1995. 127. 45 György Békésy (1899-1972) Hungarian Nobel-prize winner physicist, lives in the USA. He investigated with the physical regularities of acoustic and hearing problems. 46 Palotás, Gábor: Dr. Gusztáv Bárczi. Orvosi Hetilap. 133. (14.), (1993) 963. 47 Lipót Szondi (1893-198.) neurologist, psychiatrist. Leader of the Biological and Pathological Institute of the College of Special Education. He left Hungary in 1943 because of the prosecution of the Jews. He went to Switzerland and to America. Founded a new school of depth psychology called "faith analysis." His tests of instinct diagnosis are used in psychiatry. 47 Szabó, Anna Gordosné: The antecendents of the education of the physically disabled in the history of Hungarian Special Education. Gyógypedagógiai Szemle. 26. (4) (1998) 281. 48 Pál Páczay, one of the famous Szolnok Artist's Colony (Gutemberg Square 4.), a study place for the great artists of the Hungarian painting - Béla Iványi Grünwald, Vilmos Novak Aba, Pál Páczay, János Vaszary, Adolf Fényes - has been established in 1902. 49 There were street-boys and abandoned children among them, whom we found like this: ..Once in a train we found 30-35 children. They had identification sewn onto their clothes, such as: "Said to be: Sándor Szabó, supposedly 8 years old." They had been locked in the train for five or six days without food or drink, and nobody knew where they had come from, nor where to they were supposed to go, or why they ended up in a cattle