Kapronczay Károly szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 194-195. (Budapest, 2006)
TANULMÁNYOK — ARTICLES - KÁROLY, László: A Seventeenth-Century Chaghatay Treatise on Medicine
• agar y as oglan-nih sidükni közgä tartsalar suw aqa dökkän-ni man' etkdy 'if you measure the urine of a young boy onto the eyes, it prevents the leaking of mucus' (21v9-10) • agar bir diram sicqan tezäkni asasa-lar qawlanj-nï ketärgäy 'if you eat one dirhem of mouse dung, it cures the colic' (39r2-3) • agar at-nïfi tuynag-larïn tütün q'ûïb hätün kisi anïiï üstigä tutsalar kim tütün icigä barsa ß'l-häl ölüg ogl'i boisa yärgä kelgäy 'smoke the hoof of a horse and place a woman over it in such a way that the smoke goes into her, if she has a dead foetus, he comes into the world immediately' (45r91 1 ) •jätinüs hakim aytur za'farän-ni damagqa tütün qïlmaq zukäm-ga naf etkäy 'Galcnus the doctor says: drawing saffron smoke into the throat is useful against a cold' (26rl0-ll) 5. Conclusion In conclusion, I shall summarize Subhan Quit's approach to medicine: The first and strongest layer of his medical system is the Graeco-Islamic one: he knew the most important Greek and Islamic physicians and cited their practical advice in his work. However, it is clear that he did not completely take over the medical theory of the four humours (yellow bile, blood, phlegm, and black bile). This special approach of Subhân Qulï is striking since the Graeco-Islamic medical theory had gained wide popularity and was in general use among Islamic communities. For instance, there is an Old Uzbek treatise on medicine which is close to Subhân Qulï's work in both time and place and the author of this work had fully adopted that theory, cf. Terzioglu-Sertkaya (1981). The second layer contains the divine medicaments, originating from the Prophet's medicine. These methods of treatment are preserved in the Hadiths and later works, 17 and play an important role in most Islamic communities. However, the use of prayers or magic words is an ancestral method of treatment. It can be found worldwide, and "modern" religions be based on it, for example, magic words contain Christian elements in Europe. The third layer includes folk medicaments. Two such methods, the usage of urine and smoking, are found in all primitive societies. Another method of treatment is the usage of excrement, which was, surprisingly, a frequently used way of curing, for example, we can encounter this method in the Old Uyghur sources, 18 and also can be found in the medical practice of Medieval Europe. LÁSZLÓ KÁROLY turcologist University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem str. 2. HUNGARY 17 On this question, see Perho (1995: 1111 14). IK bäsgäk am bori mayaq-ï ltd siki birlä icürsär kidär 'Mittel gegen das kalte Fieber: wenn man Wolfskot mit Ochscnham (dem Kranken)zu trinken gibt, so wird es beseitigt' (Rachmati 1930: 10-11 [XI:1 02—103]).
