Magyar László szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 174-177. (Budapest, 2001)

KÖZLEMÉNYEK — COMMUNICATIONS - Kapronczay Károly: A short history of the urology in Hungaiy. — (A magyarországi urológia rövid története.)

functions change during pregnancy so the two systems become disordered together very often. Therefore in the department of gynaecology in Budapest a separate consultation by specialists started to work under Tauffer'

s personal direction for female vesical patients. Tauffer gained many practical experiences of cystoscopy as well and usually performed even ureteral catheterisation applying Kelly's mirror. He published his experiences gained in renal and ureteral surgery in the journal called Magyar Orvosi Archívum (Hungarian Medical Archives) in 1893. In the book published for the 25tn anniversary of his professorship, 158 such cases were made known. The chance, that urine excreted by the two kidneys could be collected separately by ureteral catheters, enlarged the possibilities of diagnostics greatly to which the renal physiological researches of Sándor Korányi (1866—1944) and later the possibilities of the intensive application of X-ray were added. One must not forget even the Record's syringe of two precision instrument makers from Berlin, Dewitt and Herz, meeting the requirements of asepsis, presented in 1895, that made the development of the technique of intravenous injection possible. These discoveries in the domain of urology substituted the morphological view for the physiological, which changed the view and the practice of the urology of the turn of the 19

th and the 20

th century in Hungary fundamentally. 3. The rise of urology as an independent discipline in Hungary (1900—1936) The establisher of the independent urology in Hungary, Professor Géza Illyés (1870— 1951), the second Hungarian academician of this domain, who earned the corresponding membership of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1936 and the ordinary membership in 1943, got to Gyula Dollinger

's department of surgery in 1895. The eminent surgeon Dollinger turned Géza Illyés towards urological surgery consciously. In 1899 Illyés published a significant study entitled A cystoscop alkalmazásának jelen állásáról a sebészetben (On the Present State of the Application of Cystoscope in Surgery) in the Orvosi Hetilap (Medical Weekly Paper). In 1900 Illyés was already Dollinger'

s first assistant. In the hospital section under his leadership he initiated Sándor Korányi'

s cyroscopic method laying the foundation for functional renal examination. In 1901 Illyés proposed to the Hungarian medical public to fill up urological hollow organs with contrast material and make serviceable X-ray pictures about them. He ingested bismuth nitrate into renal pelvis through ureteral catheter to make the part of body, he wanted to see, visible in X-ray picture. This method was called pyelography by Völker and by Sándor Lichtenberg. The latter, working in Berlin at the same time, used 5—10 per cent collagrol for the same purpose but later it turned to be noxious. Völker suggested indigo carmine ingested intravenously for the same purpose and observed the evacuation of the stain through cystoscope. In Hungary Géza Illyés was the first to adopt this procedure. In 1904 by reason of his wide urological surgical practice and his scientific work he became a private-docent of the university in Budapest, in 1905 he was put at the lead of the urological ward of the Apponyi Poliklinika (Apponyi Policlinic), a polilinic of 32 beds and in 1913 he took over the management of the urological surgical ward of the Rókus Kórház (Saint Roch Hospital), a ward of 120 beds that became the Urological Clinic of the medical school of the university in Budapest on 25th June 1920. In his publication written about the eight years of his work in the poly-