Magyar László szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 170-173. (Budapest, 2000)

KÖZLEMÉNYEK — COMMUNICATIONS - Győry, Hedvig: "Providing protection to a new-born on the day of his birth ". Extra-and intrauterine complications and abnormalities in ancient Egypt. — „Az újszülött védelméről gondoskodni születése napján ". Méhen kívüli és belüli komplikációk és rendellenességek az ősi Egyiptomban

naevus syndrome, arthritis, periostitis or osteomyelitis. These diseases could be revealed explicitly by the autopsy of several mummies.

92 The rather high frequency of hip joint dysplasia was also proved by autopsies.

93 Many children must have died because of arteriosclerosis.

94 Thanks to the high intensity of the sunlight which converts the natural subcutaneous fats into vitamin D the children could get immunity against ricket. At least there are no skeletal evidence for it. The development of arrested growth, however, is well testified e.g. in the form of osteoporosis

95 which, according to statistical calculations, afflicted about a fifth of the population. The most frequent and relatively often represented congenital disorder fall under the category of the arrested growth is the dwarfism. Many of its forms can be recognised already at birth (e.g. achondroplasia,

96 diastrophic, mesomelic, metatropic dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta,

97 spondylo — epiphyseal dysplasia congenita, hypothyroidism), whereas others could only be reckoned later (as hypopituitarism,

98 hypochondroplasia, pseudo-achondroplasia, mucopolysacchiridoses, Pott's disease, spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda and several cases of osteogenesis imperfecta). Some forms of this deformities were raised to the divine sphere,

99 so much, that even gods were represented as dwarf, e.g. Ptah in the form of the Pataikos, who was earlier thought to be a foetus,

100 or the partly lion god Bes. Practically, the representations of the proportionate dwarfs can not be separated from those of the normal sized adults or children as the small size according to the specific notion of ancient Egyptian art shows not the real height but the social status or importance of Amarna, II. EEF Memoirs 14, London, 1905, p. 13—14, pl. V.: tomb of Panehsi, W.M.FI. Pétrie: Deshasheh 1897 (London, 1898) EES 15, pl. 13, J. Filer: o.e., p. 64. 91 Renate Germer: Mummies. Life after Death in Ancient Egypt, Munich-New York, 1997, p. 125—126. 92 C. Reeves: Egyptian Medicine, London, 1992, p. 40. 93 C. Reeves: o.e., p. 45. 94 C. Reeves: o.e., p. 36 95 C. Reeves,: o.e., p. 41. 96 E.g. W. M. Flinders Petri: The Royal Tombs of the Firth Dynasty, Part II. London, 1901, p. 24; Warren R. Dawson: Pygmies and Dwarfs, JEA 24, 1938, p. 185—89; John Garstang: The Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt as illustrated by tombs of the Middle Kingdom, being a report of excavations made in the necropolis of Beni Hassan during 1902—5—4, London, 1907, Univ. of Liverpool. Institute of Archeology, p. 41; Ludwig Borchard: Statuen und Statuetten von Königen und Privatleuten, Teil L, Berlin, 1911, pl. 32, no. 144; Djeho : Wilhelm Spiegelberg, ZÀS 64, 1929, p. 76—83, John Baines: Merit by Proxy: The Biographies of the Dwarf Djeho and his Patron Tjaiharpta, JEA 78, 1992, 241—257, small sarcophague CG 29.307, Theya I. Molleson: The Nubian Pathological Collection in the Natural History Museum, London, in: Walker R. ed: Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt, London, 1993, p. 141. (Cemetery 29, 18

th Dyn.); W. Benson Harer: Health in Pharaonic Egypt, in: Walker R. ed.: o.e., p. 19—20; George J. Armelagos — James O. Mills: Paleopathology as Science: the contribution of Egyptology, in: Wallcer R. ed.: o.e., p. 4. 97 pi. Theya I. Molleson: o.e., p. 141. 98 = proportionate dwarf, e.g. Selim Hassan, Excavations at Giza III, 1931-1932, Cairo, 1941, p. 65—67, fig. 57, pl. XXII: tomb of Ireru; Georg Steindorff: Das Grab des Ti, II. Veröffentlichungen der Ernst von Sieglin Expedition in Ägypten, Bd. 2, Leipzig, 1913, pl. 15; Véronique Dasen: Dwarfs in Ancient Egypt and Greece, Oxford, 1993, p. 42—43. 99 Pascal Vemus: LÄIV. col. 328—30: Namengebung 100 P.A. Vassal: La physico-pathologie dans le panthéon égyptien: les dieux Bes el Ptah, le nain et l'embryon, Bulletin de la Société d'Anthropologie, Paris, 7110, 1956, p. 168—81.