Varga Benedek szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 149-157. (Budapest, 1996)

TANULMÁNYOK / ARTICLES - Huszár György: Balogh Károly professzor (1895—1973) életútja és iskolája. Születésének centenáriumára. Magyar és angol nyelven

lism, joy of work, and enthusiasm to do his best with utmost dedication and attention. To maintain this attitude one needs religious faiths self-criticism and commitment. ' ' (50) At the time of his appointment to the chairmanship Balogh saw the situation of his country realistically, as proven by some sentences of his "Salutation" published in the Fogorvosi Szemle: "Wherever we look, we find killing and hatred; the European culture, whose custodians we are, is being destroyed. The weak despair, but those who have hope look ahead and are willing to shoulder the difficult but noble task of clearing the ruins as every generation is responsible for its deeds as well as for its omissions. ' ' (9) The time between his "Salutation" (May 1994) and the beginning of the clearing the ruins (Februrary 1945) have confronted Balogh with momentous tasks. Among them was the hospitalization of the many wounded. To this end he added beds to the clinic where, along with maxillofacial injuries, numerous other types of wounds were treated. Often risking his own safety, Balogh helped many endangered people (including Polish refugees, Jews, draft dodgers, deserters and wounded Soviet soldiers) during the German occupation and terror by the Hungarian Nazis. (23) With Balogh's help the severely ill, racially persecuted Professor Henrik Salamon was one of many to be hospitalized. In October 1944, Balogh was forcibly taken away from the clinic by the Hungarian Nazis but was set free after a few hours. As the war events approached the borders of Hungary, plans were made to evacuate the Budapest University hospitals ("clinics") to the suburban hospitals of hilly, residential Buda. Accordingly, the Stomatological Clinic was to be relocated in a large villa. However, Balogh had successfully prevented this. (39) After the putsch of October 15, 1944, the Hungarian Nazis ordered the evacuation of Budapest University to Germany. The Senate of the University, however, decided not to move to Halle, the designated city in Germany. This decision was accepted by a majority of the Senate. The deportation of the universities and their personnel to Germany was directed by the commissar, Professor András Csilléry, chairman of the Stomatologic University Hospital of Debrecen, who was a right-wing extremist. He succeeded in moving several professors with their staff, 600 students and part of the equipment of some university institutes to Halle in Germany (39). Balogh, together with a part of the faculty of the Medical School, had refused to obey the order to evacuate. The equipment and instruments, as well as the library of the Stomatologic Clinic, were not moved and safely survived the siege of Budapest (the fighting for the encircled, besieged capital between December 24, 1944 and February 13, 1945). The clinic building was severely damaged by small aerial bombs, artillery and mortar shells. Balogh's home, a family house built by the wellknown architect Ödön Lechner, had been destroyed earlier by an air raid on July 2, 1944. Therefore, Balogh and his family moved to what had formerly been his private office (1925—1944), where they continued to live from then on. Every day Balogh took a 20-minute walk from there to the clinic and back. The Evolution of the Balogh School The first phase of Balogh's work which led to the development of a school took place was between 1945 and 1952, at which point a new curriculum for dental education was established. Balogh took heed with the changes in our world. He wrote in 1945: "The factors guiding and forming our life have radically changed. The political, social and economic changes are followed by adaptative modifications in various occupations ' '. (10) Balogh and his co-workers adapted to the changes. Balogh found the post-war coalition government