Varga Benedek szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 147-148. (Budapest, 1994)

KISEBB KÖZLEMÉNYEK - STUDIES, LECTURES - Szende Béla: A magyar pathológia egyetemi oktatói, Arányitól napjainkig

SUMMARY Lajos Arányi (Lostainer), who introduced pathological anatomy into Hungary, was born in Komárom in 1812. He lost his father at the age of three, and then was adopted by one of his wealthy uncles. Arányi first studied at the faculty of arts and later law at university, but after a cholera epidemic in 1831, in which he helped the infected in Pest, he changed his mind and went over to the faculty of medicine. After he had received his degree he worked as an assistant to Ferenc Bene from 1837. Two years later he spent six months at Italian clinics, and four years in Vienna. In Vienna, where he worked with Professor Rokitansky at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus, he learned the techniques of pathology, and studied the humouralpathological theory of his principal, and above all the clinicopathologic views of the Vienna medical school. Returning home he decided to introduce pathology into the medical curriculum. In his objectives he was helped by Ignác Stáhly, Ágost Schöpf-Merei and János Balassa. His introductory lecture took place in 10 April 1844, and his regular lectures and demonstrations started from the autumn. His autopsy records were rather modern, he used clear and logical categories. As a university lecturer and professor, which he considered to be his most important activity, he wrote a textbook, The basics of pathology. For the general practitioner and forensic physicians. Detailed in Socrates'

s style (Budae, 1864). This book included everything each general practitioner ought to know, and the author presented his points on the most important lesions and deformations in forms of questions and answers. He was moreover a talented painter but interested in architecture as well. He urged for the reconstruction of many old buildings and above all the Vajdahunyad Chateau. Beside the autopsy records mentioned above, the 1st Institute of Pathological and Cancer Research of the SOTE owns the remains of Arányi's 3500 preparations. Arányi also made 38 drawings and coloured paintings to illustrate first aid, and ambulance techniques. These pieces belong to the collections of the Semmelweis Museums, Library and Archives. After his retirement it was Gusztáv Scheuthauer who took over his charge at the Pathological Institute. Scheuthauer's contributions were mainly on the field or helminthology and bone pathology but he also published on forensic medicine as well. He led the institute until his early death in 1894. In 1894 Ottó Pertik was appointed as the next director though only for a year. In 1895 another unit the Und Institute of Pathology was erected and Ottó Pertik became its director. At the same time Antal Genersich, a head physician at the St. István Hospital was entrusted to lead the 1st Institute of Pathology. The roots of the Und Institute of Pathology, however, were in the histopathological chair of the university. The professorship had been occupied by Scheuthauer from 1870, but when he was charged to lead the Und Institute of Pathology in 1874, the two institutions were united. Between 1884—1888, nevertheless, the institute became independent again in form of a university chair under Viktor Babes from Arad. When Babes accepted the post of director at the pathological and bacteriological institute at Bucharest (Rumania), Endre Högyes was nominated there as an extraordinary professor. From 1890 Professor Ottó Pertik got the chair, and after his short period at the 1st Pathological Institute in 1894, he returned to this post, which now was reorganized as the und Institute of Pathology of the University. The most outstanding figure of Genersich's institute was Kálmán Buday. Buday had been the successor of Genersich at the University of Kolozsvár, but after Genersich's retirement in 1913 he came over to Budapest to become director of the 1st Pathological Institute. Buday was an expert in tuberculosis, and his textbook was used for decades at the university. Among his many disciples were Béla Johan, József Baló, Béla Entz, Ödön Borsos-Nachtnebel, and Ernő Balog. Ödön Krompecher, was an outstanding pupil of Ottó Pertik. He was appointed to lead the Und Institute of Pathology in the same year when Buday was posted to the 1st. Specialised on oncopathology he became probably the most famous Hungarian pathologist abroad. His contribution to the discovery of basal-cell carcinoma (carcinoma basocellulare cutis or Krompecher-cancer) is well known. He established his international reputation by his Basalzellenkrebs in 1903 and his Kristallisation,