Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 92. (Budapest, 1980)

PSZICHIÁTRIATÖRTÉNETI KÖZLEMÉNYEK - Pisztora Ferenc: A schizophrenia és a paranoid kórformák gyógyítási kísérletei a Monarchia korabeli Magyarország különféle psychiátriai intézményeiben

the patients without seeking for their active involvement. Individual treatment of the patient was only possible if anywhere in private asylums better supplied with medical staff or later in the sanatoria of melancholy. 5. Furthermore it is noteworthy thatbehindtheearlier attemptsof treatment and their results there lay a serious, clinical empirism having in several cases the right physiological basis, even today we should not underestimate this knowledge. We can even say that in the therapeutic conceptions and methods of the Monarchy there emerged lasting aetiopathogenetic conceptions and efforts of treatment, sometimes even in advance of their time. We can mention among these K. Lechner's observation (1903) that excitements can be prevented and strong agitative states can be ceased immediately by a quick lavement of the intestinal canal which prevents the toxic matters of the excrement from getting absorbed into the blood. This perception and right practice foreshadows already that modern hypothesis, elaborated mainly by the Italian V. M. Buscaino, on katatonic motor disorders, more remotely on schizophrenias which assumes that the most important aetiological factor of these diseases wouldbeaminotoxicosisas a result of chronic absorbtion troubles of the gastrointestinal tract. Similarly, in certain forms of hydrotherapy — I think mainly of "lukewarm baths" — it is easy to discover an early realization of the essential goal of today's hibernation treatment or in G. Oláh's "social psychiatry" the theoretic germs of up-to-date mentalhygienic prevention and psychiatric rehabilitation. But the same can be said of K. Lechner's (1903) and G. Oláh's (1903) plans of psychiatry and institution organization in which they urged the treatment of different mental diseases as well as the different stages of diseases in differentiated milieu, in separate departments. So far as that the essential thérapie goals of the dualistic period are timely in many respect and can be studied with profit even if the earlier solutions and methods can be regarded often partly or altogether outmoded. F. PISZTORA, Dr. med. psychiatrist, head physician Tolna megyei kórház-rendelőintézet Szekszárd, P.O.B. 85, Hungary, H-7101