Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 87-88. (Budapest, 1979)

TANULMÁNYOK - Kuzmin, Mihail Kuzmics: A moszkvai fejedelemség medicinájának fejlődése (orosz nyelven)

OpHrHHajlbHbl H CaMOÖblTHbl no CBOeMy 3ByHaHHK> H pa3JIHHHbie MCAHHHH­CKHe npo4>eccHH Toro BpeMeHH: jienrrbi (HapoAHbie BpaneBaTejin), jieKapn (ßpa­HH npofJpeccnoHajibi), no/jjieKapn (flpejibAHiepbi), pe3ajibHMKH (xHpyprn), pyAO­MeTbi (KpoBonycKH), 3ejieiÍHHKíi (anTeKapn), TpaBHHKH (rJpapMaHeBTbi) H T. JX. B XVI —XVII CTOJieTHMx HapoAHan MeAHHHHa B CBoefi npaKTHKe mnpoKo npHMeHííjiacb opHrHHajibHbie MeTo/ibi jieneHHa. HanpHMep: jieneHHe paH Me­AOBbiMH jieneuiKaMH, neneHbiM jiyKOM. IlpH JICHCHHH CBOKHX paH npHKjiaflbi­BajiH jiHCT noAopoMCHHKa HUH KanycTHbiH. JleneHHe nepejioMOB ocymecTBua­JlOCb C nOMOUIbK) OTXBaTbTBarOHteH nOBH3KH H3 XOJICTa, nponHTaHHOH CMeCbK) BapeHoro MeAa c nHBOM. CHJibHbiM MoneroHHbiM cpeACTBOM cMHTajiacb KyKypy3a H MOJIOKO. Kpoße­ocTaHaBjiMBarouTHM, npoTHBOHHHroTHbiM cpeACTBOM oôjiaAaeT KpanHBa. B pa­Ae cjiynaeB ,,JICHCÖHHKH" H „TpaBHHKH" H3JiaraK>T npaKTHHecKHe coBeTbi. BOT HeKOTopbie H3 HHX: HTOÔM H36aBHTbC5i OT ajiKoronH3Ma peKOMeHAyeTca jieKapcTBo: „Aiye xoiifb, umoo uenoeeK He nun nuea, HU euHa. .. eo3Mu zyöy ocuHoeyw u 6epe3oeyto Kopy ... ucmojwnu da CMeuiau, daü eMy nume 2-MC UAU 3-jfc, ne cmanem numu u do CMepmu... Aiife Kmo xpanum, mo Kanycmme jiucmue ucmouu c KpacHbiM MedoM, numu" 1 . B TpaBHHKax 3HaHHTejibHoe Mecro OTBOAHTCH TaK^ce 3aroBopaM H 3aKJiHHa­HHHM, ocHoBaHHbix Ha Bepe B CBepxecTecTBeHHbie CHUM. B XVII B. He TojibKo npocTOH HapoA, HO HeKOTopbie Bpann CHHTajiH, HTO npHHHHoií 6ojie3HH HBJIJI­eTCii „nopna", KOJIAOBCTBO. CorjiacHO 3aKOHaM Toro BpeMeHH 3a „nopny" nojiarajiocb cypoBoe HaKa3aHHe — CMepTHaa Ka3Hb. HecMOTpa Ha TO, HTO B jiynuine „JleneOHKKH" TOTÓ BpeMeHH npoHHKajin 3jieivieHTbi MHCTHHH3Ma, cyeBepna, OHH cbirpajiH Ba>KHyio ponb B Acne pacnpo­CTpaHeHHS MeAHUHHCKHX 3HaHHH H nO/JTOTOBKH HaHHOHajIbHblX BpaHeÖHblX KaApoB. JJ^ocTaTOMHo CKa3aTb, HTO BO 2-it noJioBHHe XVII BeKa AnTeKapcKHH npHKa3 B KanecTBe yHeÖHoro nocoÔHH HcnoJib30Baji HeKOTopbie JieneÔHHKH H TpaBHHKH AJiH „OÖHCHHÍI jieKapcKOMy Aejiy yneHHKOB" UJKOJIH pyccKHX jie­Kapefi, ocHOBaHHOH B MocKBe B 1654 ro/xy. B XVI —XVII BB. orpoMHoe THrneHHHecKoe nporhnjiaKTHMecKoe 3HaneHHe npH uejiOM pHAe npocryAHbix 3a6ojieBaHHH Hiviejia pyccKaa 6aH«. TaKHM o6pa30M, B nepnoA dpeoAaJibHoii pa3Apo6jieHHocTH, B POCCHH npe­oöjiaAajia HapoAHaa MeAHHHHa, dpyHKHHOHHpoBajra MOHacTbipcKaa MeAHHHHa; B nepnoA B03HHKHOBeHHH HeHTpajiH30BaHHOTO MocKOBCKoro rocyAapCTBa H pacHBeTa (beoAajiH3Ma 3apo>KAaeTC5i rocyAapCTBeHHaa MeAHHHHa, KOTopan B XVII CTOJieTHH 3aHHMaeT yace BaacHoe nojroîKeHHe. 1 ,,Tpa,BHHK" XVII B., CTp. 41, 48 (BbimicKH c/ie.naHbi HaynHbiM coTpynHHKOM IITA^A T. H. JIoXTeBOH).

Next

/
Thumbnails
Contents