Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 87-88. (Budapest, 1979)

TANULMÁNYOK - Kuzmin, Mihail Kuzmics: A moszkvai fejedelemség medicinájának fejlődése (orosz nyelven)

Mumb us IJpuKa3y Eo/ibuiozo deopua noKüMecmu ebiAevamua u MKapeü — KÜMecma onu UX ebiAeuam",

14 B najiax Píi3aHCKoro noABopbii jienHJiocb 746 paHeHbix. 3/i,ecb »ce co3AaHa „rjrjxTypcKafl najiaTKa". XapaKTepHoií ocoôeHHOCTbio pyccKOH MeAHHHHbi XVII BeKa MBjiaeTCfl TOT dpaKT, HTO BpeMeHHbie BoeHHbie rocnHTajin GbiJiH rocyflapcTBeHHbiMH. KaK co/iepacaHHe paHeHbix, TaK H BpaneÖHoe oöcjiyacHBaHHe B rocnHTajiax ocymecTBJifljiocb 3a cneT cpeACTB rocy^apcTBü. PÏMeioTca apxHBHbie AaHHbie. CBHAeTejibCTByroiuHe o TOM, HTO B 1682 r. Hapb (PeAop AjieKceeBHH npeAnncaji AnTeKapcKOMy npHKa3y ycTpoHTb ABe nocTonHHbie „ujnHTajibHH" (őojibHHHbi) B 3HaMeHCKOM MOHacTbipe H Ha TpaHaTHOM ABOpe 3a HHKHTCKHMH BopoTaMH, AJiH JieneHHii Ha TOTOBOM naHCHOHe „öednbix, yeeMHbix u cmapux jitodeu, . . . CAyjteuAbix MUHOS, Komopue mnMceAbiMU pauctMu na zocydapeeax CAywcőax myeeuenu".

lo H XOTÍI pacnopaaceHHe Hapa He ôbijio BbinojiHeHo, HO caM rbaKT nocraHOBKH Bonpoca o co3AaHHH B XVII BeKe CTaHHOHapHbix jieneOHbix ynpeacAeHHH 3acjiy»CHBaeT BBICOKOH oneHKH. IIEPBBIE AI1TEKH H CHCTEMA 3ArOTOBKH JIE^EEHblX TP AB B 1581 r. 6bijia oTKpbira nepBaa rocyAapcTBeHHan anTeKa B KpeMjie AJUI oöcjiyacHBaHHa iiapcKoro ABopa. JJjw paôoTbi B anTeKe GHJIH npHrjiauieHbi aHTJiHHCKHe cnenaajiHCTbi AOKTop PoőepT ^ÍKOÖH H anTeKapb ÜKO6H <J>peHH (III). OH ace npHBe3 H nepßyio napTHio 3aMopcKHx jieKapcTB, TaKHx KaK: OHHH, KaMqbapa, aneKcaHApHHCKHH JIHCT H AP- B XVI BeKe B anTeKe cjiyacHJiH HCKJIIOHHTejibHo HH03eMHbie cneHHajiHCTbi, no3AHee CTajiH paöoTaTb pyccKHe neKapH, anTeKapH H anTeKapcKHe yneHHKH. /JjiHTejibHoe BpeMH anTeKa aBjnijiacb npHABOpHbiM ynpeacAeHHeivi H jiHuib B nop^AKe HCKJiioHeHHíi oöcjiyjKHBajia cjiyacHjibix JHOACH. BßHAy B03pocuiHX noTpeÔHocTeH HapoAa B npHMeHeHHH JieKapcTB, HapcKoe npaBHTejibCTBO BbmyacAeHO öbijio B 1672 r. OTKpbiTb BTOpyio rocyAapcTBeHHyio anTeKy. B yKa3e CKa3aHo: „Ha Hoeou zocnmoM deope — zde npuKa3 EoAbmozo npuxody, ouucmumb naAambi, a e mex naAomax yKa3aA BBAUKUÜ zocydapb nocmpoumb anmeKy ÖAH npodaoicu ecHKUx AeKapcme BCHKUX HUHOS AWÔJIM".

15 JTJIH paöoTbi B 3T0H anTeKe 11 MapTa 1673 r. H3 AnTeKapcKoro npHKa3a nocjiaHbi: noAbHHHH ^aHHJio TOAOBHKOB, ajixHMHCT THXOH AHaHbH, CTopoaca: JIapKa HßaHOB H HßauiKa MnxanjiOB. 18 (beßpana 1673 r. H3AaH napcKHH yKa3, corjiacHO KOTopoMy „... e Hoeoit anmeKe na zocmuHOM deope npodaeamb eoÔKU u cnuptnu u ecHKue ACKapcmea 14 MaTepnajiti juia HCTOPHH MeflHirtfflti B POCCHH. CITE, 1885 r. BBIII. TV. CTp. 1007. 15 XMfcipoB M. /J. PyccKaH BoeHHO-MeflHirHHCKaa CTapHHa, BM5K, 1869, ^HBapb, noflOT^eji vn, CTp. 3i. 16 MaTepHajiti SJIH HCTOPHH MeirnrrHHti B POCCHH. CUE, 1884. Bun. n, CTp. 256.