Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 82. (Budapest, 1977)

KISEBB KÖZLEMÉNYEK — ELŐADÁSOK - Lambrecht Miklós: Magyar kutatók a klasszikus citológia korszakában

33. Péterfi, T. (szerk. P. Rónával) : Jahresbericht Physiologie und experimentelle Pharmakologie 1931. 34. Péterfi, T.: Mikrurgische Methodik. Hdb. d. biologischen Arbeitsmethodik. 1924. 35. Scherrington, C. S. : The central nervous system and its instruments. A Text Book of Physiology. London, 1897. Summary The present study gives a survey of Hungarian morphologists who, from the 1870s on, pursued ciytological research as well. Their belonging to ,,classical cytology" is determined by the methodology they used and by the microdimension it revealed. Most of the scientists mentioned below worked with the lightmicroscope, the degree of enlargement not exceeding 2000. Some authors like Gusztáv Scheuthauer (1832—1894), Aurél Török (1842—1912), Géza Mihalkovics (1844—1899), though not showing original results in the field of cytology, had a merit in interpreting European cytological literature, contributing this way to the competency of medical and biological knowledge of Hungarian scientists. Mihály Lenhossék (1

863—1937) and István Apáthy (1863—1922) have a name in neurohistology, Lenhossék's work was important in the formation of the neuron-concept. Géza Entz, sen. (1842—1919) was professor of zoology with an MD, and his field being protistology, beside the description of species, his main interest lay in the then basic problem of cytology. Unities smaller than a cell were searched for in the basic structure of the protoplasm all over the world. Several hypotheses were conceived about unities of metastructure (assumed to be invisible) and unities of microstructure (just visible), such as micella, tagma, biogen. On the examination of the moving organellum of the Vorticella infusorium (1891), Entz thought to recognize an elementary unity of spiral structure called cytophan (that seems to be a cell). He did not find his results sufficient for a final theoretical definition so his hypothesis fell into oblivion. His other, more lasting perception dates from his youth, when a professor at Kolozsvár (Cluj). In 1876 he discovered the symbiosis of ship (Consortialver/uiltnis). The term symbiosis was made by the German biologist de Bary in 1879. Géza Entz, sen. founded a school of cytology, too, of which Jenő Daday (1855—1920), Rezső Francé (1874—1943), who later becam a vitalist philosophical writer as Raoul Francé, Sándor Abonyi (1881—1930), and his own son Géza Entz, jr. (1875—1943) got to be famous. Tibor Péterfi's (1883—1953) work in cytology proved lasting methodically by his constructing a type of micromanipulator, later he was known as the editor of biological abstracting journals. Tivadar Huzella?, (1886—1951) researches in cytology concerned the ,,intercellular substance" (Zwischenzellige Substanz) and he called the system of argyrophil fibres functionally „elastomotoric micromechanism". Finally, József Gelei (1885—1952) dealt with the organella of Protozoon irritability and described the subpellicular neuroid grid system. The author considers the methodology and also the illustrations of the above mentioned scientists. Their importance is mainly historical, but they demonstrate the historical development of morphological cognition. M. LAMBRECHT, Dr. med., Pathologist Budapest, Népköztársaság útja 46. Hungary, H1061