Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 66-68. (Budapest, 1973)

TANULMÁNYOK - Regöly-Mérei Gyula: A középkori és régi magyar egyetemek, különös tekintettel a budapesti orvosi kar jelentőségére a tudománytörténetben (angol nyelven)

real uremia with renal insufficiency) and pseudo-uremia without azotemia (according to Volhard uremia without renal insufficiency). From Sándor Korányi's manysided scientific activity it should be mentioned that he described in 1900 the actual cause of the highlands polyglobulism which can be prevented by means of oxygen-mask. In 1912 he discovered that in the case of leukemia benzol has the same effect as X-ray irradiation. He dealt with the problem of aging (1932) and stated that it was due to the limitations of the capacity of the organism for self-accomodation. This view is one of the fundamental theses of up-to-date gerontology. In recognition of his scientific merits the honorary doctor's degree was conferred on him by the universities of Breslau (1930), Lyon (1931), Szeged (1933) and Pécs (1937). Ernő Jendrassik (1858-1921), a pupil of Charcot, is an outstanding representative not only of internal medicine but of organic neurology as well. He is the first to describe the diuretic effect of calomel (Arch. klin. Med. 1885) as a result of which the mercurous diuretics began to be generally used. He was also concerned with the innervation of viscera (1890), and with reflexes of tendons (Neur. CM. 1885). He described the maneuver named after him which helps to emphasize the patellar reflex. Several of his works deal with his investigations on inherited diseases. Rezső Bálint (1874-1929) pointed out that Basedow disease is favourably influenced by a diet deficient in tryptophan. On the basis of clinical observations and animal experiments he dealt with the buffer system of the blood and, in his opinion, the increase of hydrogen ion concentration of the blood helps developing peptic ulcer (Ulcusproblem und Säurebasengleichgewicht, 1926). Béla Alexander (1852-1916) established modern radiology in Budapest. A central radiologic institute was built for him in 1907 which was scarcely a year later than the congress of the German radiologists where Albers-Schönberg pointed out the scientific importance of a similar centralized institution. Alexander's scientific merits are outsanding from three points of view. He is the first (1906) to take so called plastic X-ray photographs which will form the basis of the relief pictures. He fundamentally deals with the possibilities of the radiologic diagnosis of the renal and urine ducts. (Untersuchung der Nieren und Harnwege mit X Strahlen, 1913). Finally, by means of X-ray photographs he examined the process of ossification in the embryo, especially the development of vertebrae (Ossification der embryonalen Knochen, 1914). Urological radiology meant one of the central problems of the Budapest school of medicine. Besides Alexander Lichtenberg to whom we are indebted for describing pyelography and who is of Hungarian origin moving from Berlin to Budapest in the thirties, from where he left for South America before the outbreak of world-war 2, Géza Illyés (1870-1951) introducer of urology in Hungary is also one of the first to deal with the radiology of the ureter. He led a lead wire into the lumen of the ureter to show the more exact place and position of the X-ray negative stones. We have already pointed out that the first children's hospital in Hungary was founded (1839) by Ágost S'choepfM

erei (1804-1858) who introduced modern