Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 66-68. (Budapest, 1973)

TANULMÁNYOK - Regöly-Mérei Gyula: A középkori és régi magyar egyetemek, különös tekintettel a budapesti orvosi kar jelentőségére a tudománytörténetben (angol nyelven)

thalmology was established in 1801, later Ophthalmology got separated from Surgery and when in 1817 Theophil János Fabini was put forward for the professorship of the Medical Faculty of Pest—though the royal appointment (Franciscus L, king of Hungary and emperor of Austria) was granted —it was stipulated that in future the appointment of professors should correspond to the principles of Austrian Universities (Staatsrath, 1268:1817, Wien '*. . . ut in futurum in quaestionibus concursalibus proponendis in concurso celebrando, ac in judicio de actis concurrentium ferendo eadem plana ratione procedatur, quam pro universitatibus meis germanicis proscripta est"). So Fabini preceded the appointment of his master Beer to the professorship by one year who at that time had still worked as associate Professor in Vienna. Fabini was the very first in Europe to become Professor of Ophthalmology at a university. From the schoolyear of 1830 pediatrics was lectured on—though as optional subject—in Pest. The children's hospital established in 1839 by Schoepf-Merei, from which later the Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics developed was the fifth in world relation, only the Hôpital des Enfants Malades in Paris (1802), the St. Nicholas Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg (1834), the Children Department of Charité in Berlin (1836) and the St. Anne Children's Hospital in Vienna preceded it. The teaching of Dentistry at our University began in 1843; the Public Dispensary of Dentistry (1881) came under University control (1889) and at the beginning of 1909 the Clinic of Stomatology opened which is the first institution of its kind disposing of beds. In 1841 the first modern Institute of Psychiatry was established in Pest and since 1847 Psychiatry was lectured on as non-compulsory subject at the Faculty of Medicine. In 1852 the Mental Hospital in Buda was established and the University lectures were held here till 1880 (till the building of the UniversityClinic of Psychiatry was completed). It is the merit of Markusovszky that he as Head of the University Department of the Ministry brought about the building of several institutes and clinics of the University. He urged on the establishment of the Institute of Public Health of the University Budapest opened in 1874, and is therefore the second in chronological order preceded only by Pettenkofefs Institute in Munich. THE SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE PROFESSORS Jakab József Winterl (1732-1809), one of the five first professors of the Faculty of Medicine. He discovered that the diatomite is of acidulous character. He was the first to introduce the rhodanate-iron reaction (1770). In the course of his electrochemical investigations the possibility of the accumulator had already emerged (1784). He was a follower of Berzelius in his dualistic electrochemical conception of compounds. Pál Kitaibel (1757-1817) is one of our most outstanding natural scientists. He possesed just as his master Winterl a medical diploma. He discovered the