Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 64-65. (Budapest, 1972)
KISEBB KÖZLEMÉNYEK - Bálint Sándor: Kozma és Damján tisztelete a régi Magyarországon
Bálint Sándor : Kozma és Dámján tisztelete. 145 Voltak a búcsún román görögkeletiek is, akik betegségükben szintén élvezték Kozma és Damjan közbenjárását, azonban mintegy megirigyelve a katolikusoktól kápolnájuk védőszentjeinek oltalmát, ,,a hegy lábánál, gondosan összeállított fatemplomot építettek. Az ajtót a csodás hely felé állították, hogy a szentek szokják meg a szemben lévő ajtón át az ő kápolnájukba való járást, és a magyarokét megunva, azt elhagyják, és az 0 szenthelyükre jöjjenek át. Ecélból égő gyertyákat is tettek az ő ajtószárnyukhoz, sőt templomon kívül is, hogy a mennyei szellemek onnan elidegenedjenek és hozzájuk jöjjenek. A szakadár indulat mindannyiszor lerombolja a templomot, valahányszor a katolikus buzgóság helyreállítja." Bandinus püspök annyira megindult a látottakon, hogy maga is Kozma és Dámján oltalmába ajánlotta magát. 20 Summary There are numerous relics in Hungary speaking of the cult of Kozma and Dámján, the patron saints of physicians and barber-chirurgeons. Their legend is set down in the Érdy-codex, written at the beginning of the 16th century. Hungarian Christianity got acquainted with these saintly doctors apparently through the Byzantine Church and Empire. The crown presented to King Géza I by Emperor Michael Dukas (Corona Graeca) carries the portrait of Kozma and Dámján as well as other Eastern saints. The medieval Hungarian mas-calendars vary in placing their names, but placenames, our sacral art and church dedications show an intimate respect for them, at first due to Benedictine, later to Dutch influence. They were the patron saints of the one-time university of Buda. Their day was observed by the medical faculty by a mass in the University Church in each year. Many barbers' guilds, including that of Szeged, honoured them as their patrons. Their name is preserved in many characteristic place-names (Csikkozmás, Szentdomján, Szentkozmadömjén, Szentkozmadamján, Szentkozmadombja) and familynames like Kozma, Kuzma, Kozmás, Dámján, Dömény, Dimény, Dorna etc. The one-time Benedictine abbey of Ludány, then known as Apátludány, one of the chapels of Garamszentbenedek (1394) and the church of Pát under the Benedictine abbey of Kaposfő (1254) were all under their protection. During the reign of Béla IV the hermits of Saint William had a priory near Komár consecrated to Kozma and Dámján. In art they appear in Kassa, Bártfa, Márkfalva, Szászbogács, I^őcse, Győr, Káld etc. Even today the two saints are celebrated on their day at many places, a custom going back to the Middle Ages. According to popular tradition at Bihar once the Magyars and the Szeklers (székelyek) fought each other. The Magyars were hard pressed when Kozma helped them to victory. Zsigmond Jakó is right in pointing out that the story is a version of the story of King St. Ladisias I in the Chronicle of Dubnic. At the time of bishop Márk Bandinus (1647) there stood a wooden chapel near Sztanfalva (a place in Moldavia inhabited by Hungarians), which to our present knowledge was the only old Hungarian place of pilgrimage which flourished under the patronage of Kozma and Dámján. The bishop was so much moved by the miracles he witnessed there that he too placed hiself under the patronage of Kozma and Dámján. 20 Domokos Pál Péter : A moldvai magyarság. Kolozsvár, 1941., 437. 10 Orvostörténeti Közlemények 64—G5.
