Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 57-59. (Budapest, 1971)
TANULMÁNYOK - Zoltán Imre: A budapesti egyetem és a magyar orvostudomány mesterei (angol nyelven)
propagated in two of his books the vaccination of Jenner and he contributed to the introduction of this method in Hungary, one among the first countries in Europe. Pál Bugát, professor of theoretical medicine, was the founder of Hungarian medical language. He was the editor of the first Hungarian medical periodical, 41 Orvosi tár" (1831) and he founded the Society of Natural Sciences. Ágost Schoepf Merei, professor of pediatrics, was the first man who taught pediatrics as an independent discipline at the university. He founded the first institute of orthopedy and then the first pediatric hospital in Budapest. He played an active role during the war of independence of 1848-49 and therefore he had to leave the country following its defeat. János Balassa as the professor of surgery introduced the concepts of modern surgery in Hungary. He was the first who performed surgery of the aneurysm. Against the prevailing surgical ideas he was the first to claim the importance of immobilization of the tuberculotic joint. He was the most marked personality of the last century, progressive as a medical politician. He was encircled by the professors elaborating the great reforms of medical profession in this century, like Lajos Markusovszky , founder of the "Orvosi Hetilap", János Bókay senior, Jenő Jendrassik and Frigyes Korányi. The idea of the foundation of the Hungarian Medical Publishing Society and that of State Council of Public Health emerged from the "Balassa circle" and came to be realized later by Markusovszky. To this circle belonged also Semmelweis. Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis, the saviour of mothers, had been the professor of our University for 10 years. He was working in the late Clinic of Obstetrics of the University of Vienna after getting his medical degree. Here he recognized the pathomechanism of puerperal fever and the way of its prevention. He published his discoveries in a publication written during his professorship at the University of Budapest. The essence of his teaching is that puerperal fever is not a specific infectious disease but a type of pyaemia, which can be contracted by the delivering mother, the patient after s urgery or even by the surgeon himself. For its prevention he recommended the avoidance of pyogenous and decaying matters. Thus Semmelweis is essentially the discoverer of the theory of asepsis and antisepsis. Among the professors of anatomy the name of the two Lenhossék should be mentioned here. József Lenhossék performed important studies in the field of the histology of the nerves and of the kidneys. He was awarded the Monthyon medal in Paris in 1857 for his studies on the medulla oblongata. The research activities of Mihály Lenhossék jr. were confined mainly to the nervous system. Through these and other studies on the histology of sensory organs his name became well-known in Europe. Endre Hőgyes, professor of pathophysiology, discovered the essence of labyrinthogenic nystagmus. Among his manyfold activities that on the immunization against rabies is of special importance. As a result of this, the mitigation of the virus is performed by his dilution method instead of the original drying practised even in our present days.
