Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 57-59. (Budapest, 1971)
KISEBB KÖZLEMÉNYEK — ELŐADÁSOK - Sós József: A kísérletes orvostudomány megalapozói a pesti orvostudományi karon (angol nyelven)
at the same time. It was he who introduced the physical measuring methods in the study of physiology in Hungary. His graphs of muscle-jerks, his recordings of the action current, and their time-analyses meant the application of experimental physics in physiology. He professed the utmost necessity of this approach also in subjects outside his investigations. "Only the method of exact examination enables one to discover the secrets of nature 1 ', was his maxim. Jendrassik analysed the graph of muscular contraction in the course of chemical, thermal, mechanical and electric irritation. The comparison of symptoms set off by various effects has remained the basis of medical research until the present. Jendrassik already attempted to determine the energy of muscular contraction. It was he who disclosed the regularities of the movement of the ribs during respiration. That demanded experimental observations. Jenő Jendrassik regarded exact measuring as the basis of medical research. This conception resulted in the construction of his carefully planned mechanical stimulating and registrating device, the dropping-myograph, which served for the examination of muscular activity. There is no doubt about the thoroughness of this device, but it was soon outdated by the advent of the electrotechnical devices. He constructed a sound analysing device as well. Considering his systematic, experimental scientific way of teaching it is not surprising to find his disciples among the notabilities of not only physiology but also of pharmacology, anatomy, and anthropology. Kálmán Balogh, Nándor Klug, Imre Regéczi Nagy, Lajos Thanhoffer and Aurél Török carried his principles from physiology to the related branches of science. Kálmán Balogh (1835-1888), starting from the experimental physiological foundations he had received, carried experimentation to the field of pharmacology, but started to break a new path in pathology as well, mostly by his toxicological researches. His principle was that it is not through large volumes of compilation but by solid, independent, experimentally based short papers that the advancement of science is best served. He received a chair in 1867 in Pest as professor of theoretical medicine. In 1872 he became professor of pharmacology and deputy professor of pathology. Out of his varied researches we may mention as an example the making of artificial gastric juice. By that he proved that the protein digesting effect of pepsin comes into force only in the presence of acid. His experiments threw light on the nerval mechanism of the narrowing and expanding of the pupil, on the role of the oculomotorious and of the Gasserian-ganglion. Although the more exact understanding of the questions of detail was made possible only later, by the activities of others, the setting up of the basic theses of the textbooks were rendered possible by the experiments of Balogh. Ha also pointed out that the movement of the sperms was dependent on the temperature of their surroundings and it died out more quickly when they were outside the sexual organs. Györy wrote on Balogh : "The direction of his scientific development was determined by the years he spent as assistant under Czermák ; he became the preacher of the experimentally based,
