Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 54. (Budapest, 1970)

TANULMÁNYOK - Kubinyi András: The Social and Economic Standing of Persons Concerned with Health Treatment in Buda at the Turn of the 15th and 16th Centuries (angol nyelvű közlemény)

an exaggeration. But obviously the charge cannot be wholly discarded. Even if the doctor demanded only one, or just half a ducat, it was too hig a sum for the bulk of the burghers to pay. [13] Some German towns issued regulations for doctors already in the 14th century, and in 1426 King Sigismund ordered all the German towns to employ a town physician. (...) [14] We have to point out that Ortvay slightly exaggerates as regards the number of physicians. In many cases the word "Arzt" could be a real surname and did not one denoting the profession. [15] He is also referred to by the name "arzt", but the epithet "master", often used with his name, suggests that he might have really been a physician. (...) [18] It is possible, or even probable, that he is identical with János Uthman, also of Buda, who in 1524 matriculated at Wittenberg, most likely as a follower of Luther. (...) [22] We may note here that Engelhart mostly cal led himself by his Christian name and occupation, but in a charter he appears as Engelhart App

r (short for Appoteker), and his seal is attached to it which bears his initials E. W. in addition to his coat of arms (which happened to show a millstone. (...) [24] It is quite baffling why Ernyey put the date of the first will to 1474, contrary to the will quoted by him and to the article by Madzsar. His second date is also incorrect. (...) [25] As it was supposed by Ernyey, too. (...) [26] The above mentioned physician at Sopron, Tamás, also appeared once in a case connected with commerce. (...) [27] That was correctly noticed already by Ernyey. The title appears in the Ernusztwill, too. (...) [28] Ernyey'

s reasoning is not correct: the title magister was not due only to professor. The above mentioned student coming from Pest was already artium magister when he matriculated at the medical faculty. (...) [51] It cannot be accidental that the surviving manuscripts of the Buda Law Book left out article 103, which referred to the surgeons. (...) [53] There is a good source on medical and related costs: the case of an employee of the St. Stephen provostship in Vienna. The man, whose birth place was Besztercebánya, was shot by an arrow and trampled by a horse while collecting the tithe. He paid the surgeon 32 Hungarian florins, and additional twelve to two physicians, "den knechten von der kristieren" one Rhenish florin, an to various apothecarians six and a half Hungarian florins and six font dénár. So his expenditures taken together amounted to the annual income of a rather respectable person. (...) [71] But let us remark that we do not fully agree with Takáts. Though the term apothecary had a much wider meaning than pharmacy, is was not identical with the grocery, which had its own peculiar goods, just like the pharmacy. (...) [80] We have to point out that the translation in the Statutebook is wrongat several places. E.g. pannicida verbatim means clothcutter, and its correct meaning is draper or cloth merchant. (...) Boltharius means shopkeeper, or more exactly a shopkeeper trading in a vaulted room, in German Gewölbherr, silk merchant. (...) [83] His translation of the medieval street names: "Shopkeepers' Street", "Grocers* Row" is not entirely accurate, but he is right in saying that the apothecarians dealt in spices, fancy goods and medicinal drugs. (...) 7 Orvostörténeti Közi. 97