Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 51-53. (Budapest, 1969)

TANULMÁNYOK - Antall József: A modern felsőoktatási rendszer kialakulása Magyarországon (1848—1890) (angol nyelven)

of Pozsony, Pécs and Nagyvárad (to-day Oradea, Rumania) did not fall back in their demands and claims were heard even for the diminution of Church influence. The demands from Kassa (to-day Kosicè, Czechoslovakia) relied on those of Pest. The situation was less tense at the Protestant high schools of Debrecen and Sárospatak, where the wishes were met by the District Church Assembly and the teaching staff. In most cases the influence and support of the more progressive teachers can be ascertained from the contents and the maturity of the proposals. The students of the Selmecbánya School of Mining and Forestry (to-day Banska Stiavnica, Czechoslovakia) demanded their presence and voting rights at Board Meetings. The pharmacy students of Pest requested the extension of the duration of training and the establishment of laboratories for practice. The students of the József Industrial School in the capital were not silent either : they wanted the reorganization of the institute into a Polytechnic, equal in rank with the universities, and its furnishing with the necessary equipment and a library. In the capital the example was followed even by the school-boys: the Piarist students of Buda and Pest demanded the introduction of the subjectbasis in place of the classroom-basis. Naturally there were both just and unwarranted demands. Although generally the students urged the improvement of the position of the teachers as well, this concensus did not extend to all of them, especially not to the unpopular, retrograde ones. The students of the József Industrial School submitted an indictment against their director and demanded the removal of one teacher. The students of the Lutheran High School at Sopron came near to strike in their demand for the removal of the old-fashioned teachers. The pages of the Protestant Church and School Newsletter saw a duel between teachers and students. The two famous Hunfalvys, János and Pál, accused the youth with a desire for pleasure and lack of industry and serious-mindedness. Other conflicts, too, occured. At Pozsony the students entered the deliberations of their teachers and demanded their right of presence. At Selmecbánya the patriotic zeal lead to national strife with the students of foreign tongue (Germans, Czechs) who as a result left the academy. Kassa saw some antisémite excesses; generally there were many complaints about the loosening of discipline. The heads of the institutions complained about the participation of the youth in the National Guard Service and on military exercises. Eötvös, already as prospective minister, personally appeared among the students and was welcomed as "the saviour of the new system". He heard their wishes and promised the fulfilment of the just demands. On the whole he had a moderating influence on the young generation without accepting the condemning reports of the conservative teachers.