Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 50. (Budapest, 1969)

TANULMÁNYOK - Oláh Andor: Pápai Páriz Ferenc, a magyar Hippokratész (1049—1716)

Hasmenés, vérhas: „ételében is hasznos az árpa-kásás lév, korpa cibre, savó ital" (184. 1.). Vizeletrekedés: „igen jól tisztítja e nyavalyát az árpával és édesgyökérrel főtt víz" (251. 1.). Májnak hévsége és dagadása: „itala légyen árpával, fahéjjal főtt víz" (210. és 213. 1.). Az árpából „Amylodiastase" néven hasmenés és emésztési zavarok elleni orvosság készül Franciaországban, de egyébként is nagymértékben felhasználják a gabonamagvakat és hatóanyagaikat a gyógyszergyártásban. * Megjegyzés: A Pápai Páriz Ferenc műveiből vett idézeteket a mai magyar ábécé betűinek felhasználásával írtuk át. SUMMARY Ferenc Pápai Páriz (1649-1716), professor at Nagyenyed, physician of the Prince of Transylvania, composed his great life-work amidst historical and individual strokes of fate. As polyhistor he wrote 17 various works. Five "Pax" are outstanding of these books. They are written in an elegant Hungarian, only their titles are in Latin. His "Pax corporis" is the first printed Hungarian medical book; he wrote it for the poor country people in the first place, who were scant of medical care at that time. In the introduction of his book he is persuading for the sake of healing his readers of making use of natural cure-methods instead of expecting a miracle. He is of opinion that a physician must be honest and moderate. The "Pax corporis" is consisting of 8 chapters. These chapters are dealing with the diseases of the human body. We can read about the gynaecological diseases, about the shivers, or about illnesses of the childhood. Related to the various diseases he deals with the causes of human somatic diseases, their seats, symptoms, methods of treatment and their prognosis. Analysing this work we can state that Pápai Páriz, who got his medical diplom at the university of Basel, derived the sources of his knowledge from the teachings of the contemporary medical masters of those of the past, Hippocrates in the first line. He made original and individual observations on the symptoms and treatment of various illnesses, on the Hungarian temper, conduct of life, on the weather, on the life of people, with whom he got acquainted during his travels, their way of life, customs, diseases, on the medical treatment, on the work of craftsmen, etc. He knew well the Hungarian popular medical treatment, was at home in the folkspeech. He had deep knowledge in the theology, knew well the Bible, he was a Calvinist. Pápai Páriz in the possession of the modern, contemporary learning, united the Hungarian popular medical treatment with the contemporary medical science; he moulded the teachings of Hippocrates in a "national" form, as his great contemporaries and ancestors at the time of renaissance and humanism. We call him with good reason "Hungarian Hippocrates", because he says himself to be the slave of the nature and endevours to drive out the illness — similarly to the therapeutic method of the nature—by the way of purgation, emesis, etc. In the spirit of the Hippocratic "diet" he cures with natural methods of medical treatment: sudation-warming, baths, purgation, venesection, diet, gymnastics. Pápai Páriz isn't Hippocratic physician in the sense of mediaeval manner, because as his ancestors and contemporaries in the time of renaissance and humanism he has broken these scholastic forms into which the arguing mediaeval physicians (Buchärzte) forced the Hippocratic and Galenic medicine in an overorganizing way, and according to its true spirit he reformed it.