SZ. BURGER ALICE: LATE ROMAN MONEY CIRCULATION IN SOUTH-PANNONIA / Régészeti Füzetek II/22. (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Budapest, 1981

1. PHASE A

5. CONSTANTIUS II (Caesars C. Gallus - Julian) A.D. 341 TO 346 Besides the data of money circulation of the 'turbulent' years of 350-353 the graphs of the various sites uniformly shot up to the highest point from 351 onwards (Figures 8-11). Constantius II ultimately eliminated his enemies both in the East as well as in the West and in 351 he attempted to revitalise the model of Diocletian's tetrarchy with the nomination of C. Gallus and Julian as Caesars. But the events had a different turn. In 354 C. Gallus was beheaded at Pola (where Crispus was also murdered), and it was due only to the excentional cautiousness of Julian that he could survive the dangerous years ahead of him. The money circulation of these extremely eventful years is represented in our material by the coins of Constantius II (51 per cent). The coins of the Emperor and of C. Gallus were mainly struck by SIS and by SIR which started operating again at that time, the value of the coins was AE 2 or AE 3. Beside these two, six Eastern mints were functioning while none of the products of any mint in Gaul or Italy can be traced. Both for the Emperor, as well as for C. Gallus Caesar coins of the same type and value were in circulation, but it can be observed, that the coins of the Caesar were produced by fewer Eastern mints. The coins of Julian can be found only from the end of 354 onwards (THE). In the years 351-35

4 the leading reverse type remained to be the FEL TEMP REPARATIO (particularly its ^/j) a

nd (© variants). This reverse type was dealt with in detail by KRAFT. During the turbulent years of the period money circulation was going on to a great extent as reflected by the settlements as well as the treasure hoards. Most detailed data can be observed in relation to the mints among the grave goods of the so-called "warrior's graves". This should be closely related to the military campaign of the Emperor in the Danube region in 354. By examining the coins of the value of AE 2 and AE 3 produced for Constantius II and C. Gallus, it can be seen that only the mints of Illyricum and of the East were working during that period. Then the identical types were produced in an alternate system of mints. Besides the coins of the value of AE 3 began to outweigh the former ones in quantity. A.D. 351/354 AE 2 AE 3 SIS Cs, C.G. © SIR Cs, C.G. © THE Cs, C.G. (l Cs HER Cs, C.G. Cs NIC Cs, C.G. CYZ Cs ANT Cs SIS SIR HER CON NIC CYZ ANT Cs, C.G. Cs, C.G. Cs Cs Cs C.G. C.G. C.G. ill AE Rev/Typ. Nr. 2 Cs= ®@© (/ C.G= © AE 3 C s = C. G = SIS, SIR, THE, HER, CON, NIC, CYZ, ANT SIS, SIR, THE, HER, CON, NIC SIS, SIR, CON, NIC, CYZ, ANT, ALE SIS, SIR HER, CON, CYZ 41