H. Kolba Judit szerk.: Historical Exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum Guide 2 - From the Foundation of the State until the Expulsion of the Ottomans - The history of Hungary in the 11th to 17th centuries (Budapest, 2005)

ROOM 5 - The Rule of the Jagiello Kings in Hungary (early 16th century) (Piroska Biczó)

44. Glazed earthenware jug, Szécsény Castle, 1st half of the 16th century 45. Coat of arms of Tamás Bakócz, archbishop of Esztergom, early 16th century THE PEASANT RISING OF THE YEAR 1514 Pope Leo X preached a crusade against the Turks, entrusting leadership of it to Tamás Bakócz. Here we have placed the coat of arms and portrait medal of Tamás Bakócz near to the relics of the peasant rising. The throne hangings of Matthias displayed in our exhibition came later into the possession of Tamás Bakócz, who covered the arms of Matthias with his own. The arms, taken off by unstitching, are an Italian masterwork woven from silver-gilt and silk thread (Fig. 45). Bakócz had a copy of the papal bull made for Ferenc Várdai, bishop of Transylvania. The papal bull, issued in April 1514, produced an unexpected reaction throughout the country. György Dózsa became commander of the crusaders. On May 24, pressed by the nobility, Wladislas II called on the crusaders to return to their homes, whereupon, because of controversies between the nobility and a well-to-do-stratum of the peasantry producing for the market, the crusade ended in a peasant uprising. This was decidedly the action of peasants producing for the market, and its anti-feudal ideology was born in the Franciscan monasteries of the market-towns. The peasant uprising ended with a capitulation on July 15, 1514, and was followed by retributive laws forbidding the free movement of the villeins. These were, however, only seldom enforced, because they interfered with the interests of the big estate-owners. The main problem for the landlords was the assessment of the damage caused by each other's villeins. The most serious consequence of the peasant uprising was the weakening of the armed forces of the country. THE CRUSHING OF THE FIRST HUNGARIAN-CROATIAN DEFENCE LINE After the loss of the Banate of Srebernik (1512) and the accession of Sultan Suleyman 7(1520-1566) to the throne, Turkish attacks against the Hungarian borders grew in strength. In 1521 the Turks occupied Nándorfehérvár (Beograd), regarded as the gateway to Hungary, and in 1524 the first, Hungarian-Croatian defence line, with the exception of Jajca (Jaj ce) and Klissa (Kliszsza), passed into the hands of the Turks.