H. Kolba Judit szerk.: Historical Exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum Guide 2 - From the Foundation of the State until the Expulsion of the Ottomans - The history of Hungary in the 11th to 17th centuries (Budapest, 2005)

ROOM 4 - Villages and Towns in the Second Half of the 15th century and at the Beginning of the 16th century (Piroska Biczó )31

25. Bookcase, Bártfa, (Bardejov), Parish Church of St. Giles, c. 1480 century. Almost every second house had a cellar, most frequently at the end of the house and rarely detached from it. The most important room of the house was the kitchen-living-room with an oven, while the other rooms were closets and pantries. Cooking and heating was done using ovens which stood in the kitchen-living-room and which were built of clay or stone and clay; these lacked chimneys, with the result that the smoke came out into the room itself. A tiled stove stoked from the courtyard was found only in one house, an indication of the changes which took place in the heating arrangements in village dwelling-houses. The most important change - as shown in our case which deals with heating facilities - took place as early as the end of the 14th century / beginning of the 15th century on the Great Plain, an area which experienced lively development on account of flourishing animal husbandry and grain cultivation. The houses yielded finds of utensils made of durable materials (pottery, metal and bone) belonging to individual households. Among the crockery of a household there 33 were generally one or two big pots (of 12 to 20 litres capacity), five to six mediumsized (2.5 to 5 litres in capacity) and a similar number of small pots, there were also one or two jugs and a few earthenware beakers (Fig. 23). We know from the master-marks on iron tools and household implements that the majority of these were not made by local smiths or by those of neighbouring settlements, but produced in the towns by masters who specialized in this work. Some knifes bear marks from Lower Austria, which corroborates the considerable importing of knives registered in customs books. EFFECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEATING FACILITIES ON THE HOME INTERIORS From the mid-14th century onwards, the more developed heating installations stoves made of clay with impressed round tiles and stoves built from glazed tiles