Kovács Tibor - Stanczik Ilona (szerk.): Bronze Age tell settlements of the Great Hungarian Plain I. (Inventaria Praehistorica Hungariae 1; Budapest, 1988)
Judit TÁRNOKI: The settlement and cemetery of the Hatvan culture at Aszód
Other finds of this layer include a perforated stone axe (PI. 5:17) and a Late Bronze Age sherd (PL 5:1). The material of the pits Six of the ten excavated pits yielded finds, but only two of them contained characteristic material: Pit 1: Amphorae are attested by textile ornamented (PL 1:10) and scored sherds (Pl. 1 :8) and rim fragments (PL 1:12, 15). A pot fragment (PL 1:14); sherds of cups (PI. 1:13, 16); an incrusted fragment (PI. 1:11) and a perforated animal tooth (PL 1:9) were also found in the pit. Pit 3: Sherds of a cup (PL 1:19) and a pot (Pl. 1 :17). The evaluation of the profiles Judging from the profiles of the sounding the changes in the position and structures of the houses can be traced. The best informations are offered by the eastern wall of the original sounding, 4x4 m in extension (Fig. 5). The remains of the badly disturbed house belonging to level I can be seen under the humus layer. These remains form only a certain discoloration instead of a true layer. The renewed, replastered floor of the house belonging to level II can be clearly discerned 0.25 m deeper. The edge of the hearth can be seen next to the pit on the northern side as it slopes towards the pit. The house of level III and the destroyed building next to it cannot be seen on this profile. Pit 1 which had been dug from the original humus is outlined. The eastern profile of the excavation (i.e. the eastern wall of the enlarged area) shows the house of level III with the 3 layers of replastering, and with thin ashy strips between. The profiles of pits 3 and 9 can also be discerned. The 8 m long northern profile (Fig. 7.1) includes the outline of the modern ditch in the western corner, traces of level I with the ash pit and the well discernible house of level II. The house part of level II with its renewals can be seen on the eastern half of this profile. The fire-place forms a heavily burnt, ashy plastering, the fill between the renewals is thicker on this part of the floor. The discoloration on the top of the original humus marks a part of the next house. The outlines of pits 4 and 5 can be seen beside it. The modern ditch also disturbed the western part of the southern profile (Fig. 7.2). A strip with daub fragments marked the destruction layer of the house of level II. The floor of level III can be recognised in the western half of the section with the outlines of pit 7 beside it, while the eastern half of this profile shows the next, disturbed house with an ashy discoloration in it. THE CEMETERY OF B AG-PLRESDÜLÓ It is really fortunate that the cemetery— or at least one of the cemeteries—of the Manyik settlement is also known: it was found in the parish of Bag, between Bag and Aszód, in the area called Peresdűlö. The pottery found in the graves is identical with the settlement material or similar to it. Unfortunately, less is known about the burial rite; the number of the graves is uncertain as they were found in the course of earthworks. As a matter of fact the first graves of the Hatvan culture were found exactly on this site in 1854. A report about the discovery was published by J. Érdy. Judging from the text it is clear that cremation graves with scattered ashes were found: " . . grave pits came to light and black earth mixed with ashes was found in them: sherds, charcoal, burnt bone fragments and stones were uncovered." 9 N. Kalicz collected the finds of a disturbed grave in 1961 when he visited the site during his field survey. Although only the ashes were found in the grave pit he could detect that a stone packing had covered the burial. The finds have been partially published in his monograph. 10 Kalicz started a sounding excavation on the site in 1961 but with no result. Further graves were uncovered in the area in the course of building activities without reliable observations in 1967. According to the workers only two graves were found, but judging from the number of the vessels more burials can be assumed. The Aszód museum received the vessels together with sherds of settlement character. The latter may have come from pits. 11 The description of the finds from the cemetery Finds collected by N. Kalicz in 1961: Amphora. The shoulder is smooth, the lower twothirds of its surface is coarse. The decoration consists of two marked and four curved short ribs. Grey, with dark patches. H: 29 cm, Db: 8 cm. Inv. no.: 66.80.1 (PI. 6:2). (H = height, Dm = diameter of the mouth, Db = diameter of the base.) Jar with wide mouth. The neck and shoulder are smoothed, the lower part is coarsened with incised bundles of lines. Light grey. H: 18 cm, Dm: 22 cm, Db: 9.4 cm. Inv. no.: 66.80.2 (PI. 9:3). Bowl. Smooth upper, coarse lower part with incised bundles of lines and four handles. Grey. H: 16 cm, Dm. 31.5 cm, Db:7.5 cm. Inv. no.: 66.80.7 (PI. 8:5).
