Lázár Vilmos szerk.: Termelőszövetkezettörténeti tanulmányok 1. (Mezőgazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok 6. Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum, Budapest, 1972)

Összefoglaló (angolul)

same as in the first period of collectivization. In rapidly extended cooperative farms the balance of labour force was suddenly upset and in spite of the great efforts made by the State, mechanization could not, particularly in the cultivation of row crops, replace the missing manpower. The relation between the need of specialists in the cooperative farnu and the number of specialists available was likewise extremely unfavourable; and there was no way at all to find a possibility to satisfy in a short time the building demand of large-scale livestock keeping. Cooperative farms and agricultural production had then some critical years. The main seasons why despite these circumstances agricultural production did not considerably fall back — as it did in the Soviet Union at the time of collectivization or in Hungary in the first period of collectivization — but, on the contrary, started to rise remarkably from 1963 can be summed up in the following : 1. From the failure of the first experiment of collectivization the Government drew the conclusion that the small-scale means of production which — as a consequence of collectivization — had got out of production had to be immediately substituted by considerable investments; moreover the production funds of large-scale establisments should be enlarged as soon as possible. Agricultural investments were accordingly raised very substantially. Changes in the proportions were shown by the fact that between 1959 and 1964 the share of agriculture in the twice larger people's economic investments calculated at an unchanged price was 18 to 21 per cent, while between 1950—1956 agriculture participited only with 10.6 to 13,3 per cent in a half as large investment. In consequence of this the level of mechanization in the cooperative farms rose vigorously after the decline in the first years of the period. From the point of view of both the observation of optimum dates for production and a better exploitation of machines the decision of the State, by virtue of which cooperative farms would be entitled to buy large machines (for which credits were granted to them) and dispose directly of them was very important. Total number of work-days performed by 7nachine per 100 ha agricultural area in the cooperative farms 1958 1286 1959 1180 1960 1026 1961 1169 1962 1070 1963 1708 1964 1757 1965 1733