Lázár Vilmos szerk.: Termelőszövetkezettörténeti tanulmányok 1. (Mezőgazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok 6. Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum, Budapest, 1972)

Összefoglaló (angolul)

pediments. Due ti the far growth the member-density became also unfavourable and in the droughty 1952 year plunged the Cooperative Farm into a bad situation. The activity of the '"ÚTTÖRŐ" Cooperative Farm was at a rather low level in consequence of the mechanical central direction the scanty economis funds and of the lack of large-scale experiences of Us leaders, while the income of members was low and uncertain. In 1953 the management of the Cooperative Farm introduced measures of decisive importance in order to consolidate the situation of the farm : a) The area of the Cooperative Farm was temporarily reduced by 460,4 hectars. Thus the collective land area per one member was rendered more favourable. b) Measures were taken to strengthen the discipline of labour and technology. c) Members least satisfied with cooperative farming were dismissed. The changes resulted in the first place in economic successes; but essentially they too originated from the democratic spirit which at that time developed in the cooperative. The brigades and brigade leaders respectively obtained a high degree of independence and the farm succeded in finding the proportionate and healthy form of decentralized management. Under such circumstances the Cooperative Farm developed smoothly and through its economic and social successes acquired a county-wide and later a national reputation. In the period between 1960 and 1964 the progress of the "ÚTTÖRŐ'' Cooperative Farm slowed down. In 1960—1961, namely new members who had been private farmers earlier, entered the Cooperative Farm in large numbers, furthermore in 1964 a low productivity cooperative farm joined them. Both events caused only minor troubles in the life of the "ÚTTÖRŐ" Cooperative Farm. In the first half of the sixties the Cooperative Farm could in the first place record the maintenance of its attained level as the highest result of its work. This was, however, achieved in fact, even within the frames of a large-scale management by the application of a production method presenting the elements of a traditional peasant farming. There came a time, however when the efficiency of production could no longer be increased by such methods. Hereupon a cumbersome period charged with contradictions followed on the life of the ÚTTÖRŐ Cooperative Farm at Makó; from outside and also from inside it was effected by disquieting and upsetting events. The causes can be grouped — in spite of their diversity — around four phenomena: a) The Cooperative Farm- tried to continue the production within the same management — and organization frames as before. Possibilities offered by the altered economic conditions were not exploited by the leaders. b) From the middle of the sixties the leaders and members became increasingly estranged from one another. With the loosening of the central direction and the one-channel marketing system the res-