Lázár Vilmos szerk.: Termelőszövetkezettörténeti tanulmányok 1. (Mezőgazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok 6. Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum, Budapest, 1972)
Összefoglaló (angolul)
2. The demand of the enlarged cooperative farms for professional leading was to a considerable extent satisfied by a government measure whereby thousands of agrarian and technical specialists, economists and leaders possessing general management and organization experiences came into the cooperative farms. 3. Instead of making the generally unsuccessful system of labor organization, waging and income distribution rigidly employed a greater liberty was granted to the leaders of cooperative farms to apply methods of labour organization and remuneration taking the demands of members better into consideration. It happened in this way that in the less mechanized production branches manual work was performed in a family labour organization and for a certain quota of the crop. Cooperative farms gradually changed over from the work-unit system to the guaranteed remuneration of work in money. 4. A wider application of the achievements of technics and science in the Hungarian agriculture began in the first half of the sixties and contributed to the consolidation of large-scale production and farming. In the first place we mention the introduction of certain implements, herbicides as well as of high yielding wheat varieties and maize hybrids. 5. During the last ten years a considerable amount of experiences accumulated in the field of farm-organization cooperative production and management. 6. Large scale cooperative transformation had already a firm basis. By the end of 1948 more, than 2700 cooperative farms were functioning, hundreds of them operated successfully. In the mid-sixties a new phase began in the development of cooperative farms with the new system of economic management. The most important feature of the reform was that the earlier highly centralized management of production was decentralized to the State enterprises and cooperative farms. Even before the introduction of the reform the practice that "by breaking down the plan" the State and council organs directly determined the production of the cooperative farms was gradually discontinued. The economic foundation of an independent enterprise management of cooperatives was, however, created in 1966 and 1967, mainly by raising the agricultural producer prices and by the cancellation of the debts of cooperative farms respectively. As a result of widening their sphere of activity (licensing their processing, marketing, building and other industrial activities), with the transformation ot their internal organization and creation of their enterprise-like functioning in two-thirds of the cooperatives management became profitable. The guaranteed remuneration in money of the work, regulation of the labour situation of the members in cooperative farms, their inclusion into the system of social insurance, legalization of cultivation by family members, regulation of connection between homeplot and collectiv farming — all this made the ambitions of peasant families — a cultured manner of
