Oroszi Sándor szerk.: A Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum Közleményei 1998-2000 (Budapest, 2001)

SZOVÁTAY ADRIENNE: A hazai baromfiorvoslás és -egészségügy története a két világháború között

THE HISTORY OF THE THERAPY AND THE HYGIENE OF POULTRY IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS IN HUNGARY A. SZOVÁTAY After World War I. as a consequence of the Trianon Treaty (1920) Hungary lost two third of its livestock. The poultry export increased from the twenties and as well as a result of the Universal Slump (1929-1933) the importance of the so-called extensive branches of animal breeding involving poultry breeding increased . The first poultry medical work on the infectious and parasitic diseases of poultry was published written by R. Manninger and S. Kotlán in 1931- Devastations caused by the infectious poidtry diseases made poultry breeding risky constantly. The fowl pest and fowl cholera as subject to the duty of registration caused heavy losses. The XlXth act in 1928 and its "100.000" executive order by the Agricultural Ministry in 1932 were used for basis of the effective administritative measures against epizootics. Inoculations for the fowl cholera did not involve wanted results, and unfortunately a vaccine for fowl pest did not exist at the time. However, a succesiul vaccine for fowl pox was produced in 1928 . The fowl typhus causing great economic damage proved to be identical with the white diarrhoea of chickens (Manninger, 1921), which can be transmissed by germinative infection (from mother to descendants) too. The fight against the fowl typhus was based on discharge from the disease according to veterinary blood test from the thirties, and all those baby chicks originating from free livestocks were incubated artifically. The first incubator station was founded in 1935. The tubercular infection was measured with representative tuberculinizations in different parts of the country. The National Veterinary Institute was established in 1929 which was another important step in the development of poultry hygiene. This latter establishment was promoted by the setting up of the system of animal hygiene management. The damage caused by both parasitogenic and by non-infectious medical, surgical, reproductive-biological diseases was not negligible. Although the popular poultry therapy survived, the success of the fight against poultry diseases could be commonly owed to the spread results of poultry medical researches in veterinary training and in agricultural education and to the development of animal hygiene management.