Wellmann Imre szerk.: A Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum Közleményei 1971-1972 (Budapest, 1973)

Steensberg, Axel: The practice of tilling spades in Asia and Europe

Having examined the intimately balanced principles of intensive agriculture in Asia we may conclude that the development from the tilling spade into the ard pulled by a yoke of oxen did probably take place in Asia. But how the progress developed in different places and under varying environmental conditions is still rather obscure. Probably studies of the practice of the tilling spade in remote parts of this continent may help to understand the mechanism of this cultural development, and therefore such studies ought to be promoted as much as possible in the future. LITERATURE COLLINGWOOD, R. G. Extract from a letter sent by Angus Graham. Antiquity 1957. FOWLER, P. J. and EVANS, J. G. Plough-marks, lynchets and early fields. Antiquity 1967. GAILEY, P. J. and FENTON, A. The spade in Northern and Atlantic Europe. Belfast 1970. IINUMA, H.The Ne-no-hi-kara-suki of Shosoin. Tools and Tillage 1969. KOTHE, H. Das Hirsemesser im Furchenstockbau. Opuscula Ethnologica Memoriae Ludovici Biró Sacra 1959 (with further references). KUMASHIRO, Y. Principles of dry land farming, compared the ancient empirical with the modern experimental. Special Bulletin No. 1. of the College of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Japan 1954. LESER, PAUL. Entstehung und Verbreitung des Pfluges. A photographic reprint by The International Secretariat for Research on the History of Agricultural Implements, National Museum, Brede, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark 1970. SCHWABEDISSEN, H. Die Ausgrabungen im Satruper Moor. Of fa 16: 1957—58. STEENSBERG, A. A. Bronze Age ard type from Hama in Syria intended for rope traction. Berytus 1967. WAGNER, W. Die chinesische Landwirtschaft. Berlin 1926.