Technikatörténeti szemle 27. (2005-06)

Látogatók és műszaki múzeumok - Jeszenszky Sándor: Látogatói kísérletek műszaki múzeumokban – Esettanulmány egy száz évvel ezelőtti múzeumi röntgen-kísérlet rekonstruálásáról

Irodalom: 1. Ferenczy Viktor: Jedlik Ányos élete és alkotásai, 2. kiadás, 332-341. Győr, 2000. 2. Simonyi Károly: A fizika kultúrtörténete, 4. kiadás, 319. Budapest, 1998. 3. Jedlik levele a forgonyról. In: Heller Ágost: A physika története a XIX. Században, 2. kötet, 88-91. Budapest, 1902. 4. Oskar von Miller: Kraftübertragung. In: Offizieller Bericht über die ... Internationale Electricitäts-Austellung, 99-107. München, 1883. 5. Wilhelm Füßl: Oscar von Miller, 251-275. München, 2005. 6. Jeszenszky Sándor: 100 éves a Deutsches Museum. In: Természet Világa, 2004. január. 7. Eine sensationelle Entdeckung. In: Presse, 5. Januar 1896, Wien. 8. Császár Elemér: A röntgensugárzás, 25-28, 37-46. Budapest, 1934 9. Sándor Jeszenszky: Eine vergessene Erfindung - der Funkeninduktor. In: Jahrhunderte der Hochspannung, VDE Geschichte der Elektrotechnik 21., 115-138. Berlin, 2004. 10. W. C. Röntgen: Eine neue Art von Strahlen. In: Aus den Sitzungsberichten der Würzburger Physik.-medic. Gesellschaft, Erste Mitt. Dez. 1895, Zweite Mitt. März 1896, Würzburg 11. Palló Gábor: Szilárd Béla. In: Magyarok a természettudomány és a technika történetében, szerk. Nagy Ferenc, 500-501. Budapest, 1992. 12. Hermann Gocht: Handbuch der Röntgenlehre, 3. Aufl., 83-85. Halle, 1911. 13. Klaus Hübner: Eine Original-Versuchsanordnung von Röntgen für das Deutsche Museum München, 2003. SÁNDOR JESZENSZKY: EXPERIMENTS IN MUSEUMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AS CARRIED OUT BY VISITORS A CASE STUDY OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF AN X-RAY EXPERIMENT PERFORMED IN A MUSEUM 100 YEARS AGO At the end of the 19

th century it was usual to demonstrate the main laws of natural sciences at universities, colleges, and later at secondary schools as well as in the course of lectures and classes, respectively, of physics and chemistry. The experiments were performed by the teachers but the students participated in them, so they were partly interactive. At the museums of natural sciences and technology founded in the late 19

th and early 20

lh century, demonstration of experiments was also required. However, there were no teachers, only attendants, therefore the problem was solved by push-button experiments operated by the visitors. A pioneer of the "living museums" was OSCAR VON MILLER, founder of the Deutsches Museum in Munich (1903). He not only collected objects but asked scientists to design push-button experiments. Professor Röntgen constructed and instrument himself: the visitors could study the transparency of different materials by X-ray impulses and an electroscope. The apparatus is exhibited in Munich, however, out of operation since World War II. Professor KLAUS HUBNER (University of Heidelberg) studied the history of this interesting instrument and wrote a booklet about it (Eine Original-Versuchsanordnung von Röntgen für das Deutsche Museum, 2003.) He partly reconstructed the experiment but owing to the lack of certain instruments of the epoch he had to confine himself to a modest result. Cooperating with Professor Hübner, the author and his colleagues built a nearly real replica of the original experiment at the Hungarian Museum of Electrotechnics based on its collection.