Technikatörténeti szemle 23. (1997-98)

TANULMÁNYOK - Vámos Éva Katalin: Women’s Opportunities of Studying and Practising Engineering in Hungary from 1895 to 1968 (On the example of Budapest Technical University and its women students)

10 N. Szegvári, Katalin: Út a nők egyenjogúságához. (Way to women's equality). Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, 1981. p. 174-176. 11 N. Szegvári, Katalin: Numerus clausus rendelkezések az ellenforradalmi Magyarországon. Zsidó és nőhallgatók főiskolai felvételéről. (Numerus clausus regulations in counterrevolutionary Hungary. About the college admission of Jewish and female students.) Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1988. p. 110. 12 Students' Registers of Budapest Technical University 1920,1925. . Major, Máté: Pécsi Eszter halálára (1898-1975). (On Eszter Pécsi's death, 1898-1975.) Magyar Építőművészet, 1975, No. 3. - Pázmándi, Margit: Szubjektív emlékezés az első magyar statikusnőre, Pécsi Eszterre. (Subjective commemoration of Eszter Pécsi, the first Hungarian woman structural engineer.) Pavilon, 1996, No. 10. - Ferkai, András: Buda építészete a két világháború között. (Architecture of Buda between the two World Wars.) Budapest, 1995. - Nagy, Ferenc (Ed.-in-chief): Magyar Tudóslexikon A-tól Zs-ig. (Encyclopedia of Hungarian Scientists from A to Z). Better-MTESZ-OMIKK, Budapest, 1997. p. 636-637. 13 Bozzay, Margit, Pajkovits, Sándor: Magyar asszonyok lexikona. (Encyclopedia of Hungarian Women.) Budapest, 1931. p. 1003. 14 Ladányi, Andor: A numerus clausus törvény 1928. évi módosításáról. (On the 1928 modification of the "numerus clausus" law). Századok, Vol. 128, 1994, p, 1117. 15 Ladányi, Andor: loc. cit. p. 1119. 16 Cited from a speech in the Parliament held by Count Kunó Klebelsberg in 1923. 17 Vámos, Éva: Women and Scientific Recognition. In: Women in Science: Options & Access. National Museum of Science and Technology, Budapest, 1985. p. 218-232. 18 This decree followed from Act XXIV/1926, which stated that the final exam of girls' secondary schools was, in every respect, equal to that of boys' secondary schools and entitled to admittance to university. At the same time the Act authorized the Minister of Religious Affairs and Public Education to restrict women's admittance to university faculties and colleges by decree. 19 Szigeti, Endre: Takaróné Gáli Beatrix, az első női közgazdasági magántanár. (Beatrix Takaró-Gáli, the first female "private docent" in economics.) In: Tanulmányok a magyarországi közgazdasági felsőoktatás történetéből. (Studies from the history of university education in economics in Hungary.) Eds.: Szögi, László and Zsidi, Vilmos, Budapest, 1995. p. 173-178. 20 Beatrix Gall was the first female university "private docent" of the branch of economy. Her career is a typically female one: she acquired numerous qualifications, made her Ph.D., became university "private docent"; she spent, however, most of the time of her life as director of a special secondary school of economics. First she had acquired a degree as primary school teacher; at the same time she had pursued studies of music, then acquired a degree as higher elementary school teacher in mathematics an physics from „Erzsébet Women's School", thereafter graduated from Pest University of Science as secondary school teacher in mathematics and physics, besides, she was studying philosophy and obtained a Ph.D. from the Faculty of Philosophy. As in the given period it would have been difficult to get a job with these qualifications, she acquired a further degree as teacher of book-keeping, commerce and commercial correspondence. Many of her works discuss the relation of pure economy to universalism; she equally deals with questions of economic ethics. Most of her books are, however, textbooks, written with a number of co-authors. She died in 1980, at the age of 86. 21 Wolf, Johanna: Personal communications. 22 Archives of Budapest Technical University. Unit 4/c: Rectorate of the Hungarian Royal Palatine József Technical and Economical University. Bundle 19, Item 817: Regulations of Women's Admittance (1927-1942). 23 See Footnote 16. 24 Magyar Tudóslexikon A-tól Zs-ig. (Encyclopedia of Hungarian Scientists from A to Z). Nagy, Ferenc (Ed.): Better-MTESZ-OMIKK, Budapest, 1997 p. 647-648.