Technikatörténeti szemle 19. (1992)

KÖNYVISMERTETÉS - Papers of the First „MINERALKONTOR” International Conference on the History of Chemistry and Chemical Industry (Veszprém, 12-16 August, 1991)

>1830 Finnish national movement begins Latin no more compulsory in doctoral theses 1831 Foundation of Society for Finnish Literature. 1837 Foundation of Finnish Society for Sciences and Letters. 1855—1881 Liberalism under czar Alexander n. Finnish inner self government (own parlament, currency and monetary base, stamps, army). Finnish second official language. 1874 Foundation of Polytechnical Institute at Helsinki. 1899—1905 Russification and political unrest. Parlament reform. 1908 Foundation of Finnish Academy. 1908 Polytechnical Institute: Technical University. 1914—1918 World War I. Republic of Finland 1917 — 1918 Civil war January to April 1918 Name of University. University of Helsinki. 1918 Foundation of Abo Academy at Turku (Abo) for Swedish speaking students. 1920 Foundation of University of Turku for Finnish speaking students. 1930—34 Economic Depression. 1939—40 ..Winter War" against Soviet Union. Technical University at Helsinki destryed. 1941—44 Second war against Soviet Union. University institutions at Helsinki badly damaged. 1948 Foundation of Academy of Finland which was intended initially to be the highest scientific academy in Finland, but later developed to an administrative center for coordination of research and distribution of grants. The title academician is granted to eminent scientist, but at present not more connected with any obligations. 1941, 1957 Foundation of Academies for Technical Sciences. 1958—1984 Foundation of several new universities, among them at Oulu, Jyvaskyla, Tampere University and Tampere Technical University, Kuopio, Joensuu, Lappeenranta Technical University, Rovaniemi, Vaasa. In addition several econmic, art and musik universities were founded. 1970 — Great educational reform including basic education and the universities. Quarrel between Ministry of Education and the universities regarding self-government and internal economic independence. The old Academy of Turku (Abo) In medieval times Finnish students got higher academic degrees only abroad in Middle Europe. The foundation of the Academy in the capital Turku (Abo) by count Brahe in 1640 the improved the educational conditions. The young Swedish Great Power and the efforts of its kings to the government required well educated officials, clergy and physicians. The above aspirations formed the boundary for the development of the small