Technikatörténeti szemle 18. (1990-1991)

TANULMÁNYOK - i. Bartha Lajos: Egy reneszánsz éggömb, mint csillagászati műszer (a Dorn-Bylica glóbusz, 1480-ból)

Zakrzweska, M. 1965: Catalogue of Globes in the Jagellonian University Museum. Cracow. Zinner, E 1927: Verzeichniss der astronomische Handschriften des deutschen Kulturgebietes. München. Zinner, E 1967: Deutsche und niederländische astronomische Instrumente des 11.—18. Jh. München. Zinner, E 1967a: Leben und Wirken des Joh. Müller von Königsberg genannt Régiómon tanus. Osnabrück, Milliaria X. 1. % A Dom-Bylica glóbusz tanulmányozására és lefényképezésére a krakkói Jagiello Egyetem Collegium Maius Muzeum-ának és a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum főigazgatójának szíves hozzájárulásával került sor. A munkám támogatásáért köszönettel tartozom Prof. Dr. Jozef Babicz térképtörténet kutatónak (Krakkó), Rudolf Schmidt úrnak, a Coronelli Társaság elnökének (Bécs) és Veres Tamásnak (Budapest). LAJOS BARTHA: A RENAISSANCE CELESTIAL GLOBE SERVING AS AN ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENT (THE DORN—BYLICA GLOBE FROM 1480) In bis workshop in Buda, Hans (Johannes) Dorn, a Dominican mathematician and mechanician (b. in Saxonia, cea 1425, d. cea 1509, Vienna) built several astronomical instruments for Marcin Olkusz z Bylica, better know as Martin Ilkusch (b. cca 1433, Olkusz, Poland, d. cca 1493, Buda). The celestial globe built in 1480 is one of the biggest and most beautiful sky globes of the early Renaissance times (today it is in the care of the Museum of the Collegium Maius in Cracow). This globe is in fact a composite instrument, suited (according to the author) on the one hand to mark the position of a new celestial body directly on the star-globe, and on the other hand, to locate the stars represented on the globe on the sky. The copper celestial globe (diameter 39,5 cm) is held on a horizontal base plate by means of a meridian circle. Calender and arc scales are marked on the edge. A support sliding along the vertical meridian circle is provided with a strong perpendicular axis, and the planispheric astrolabe (diameter 29 cm) is fitted to this axis. On the reverse side of the astrolabe the horizon arcs can be set a dioptra. Two quadrants with arc scales protrude downwards in horseshoe shape, parallelly to the celestial globe, from the sole of the astrolabe. When the celestial globe is adjusted to a particular moment, the horizon arc read on the dioptra next to the horseshoe-shaped arc scale can directly be marked among the stars. A similar-type "star finder" was constructed only after 1500 by Stephen Rosinus. It appears possible that the principle of the Dorn-Bylica instrument was developed by Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller von Königsberg, 1436—1476).