Technikatörténeti szemle 18. (1990-1991)

TANULMÁNYOK - Várhidy Imre: Adatok a gőzcséplés és gőzekeszántás kezdeteihez, valamint elterjedéséhez Magyarországon a XIX. században

23. O. M. 1879. márc. 15. 24. G. L. 1892. 393.0. 25. G. L. 1896. 769. o. 26. G. L. 1897. 372—373. o. 27. G. L. 1893. 583. o. 28. G. L. 1897. 448—449. o. 29. G. L. 1894. 271—272. o. 30. G. M. 1882. 482—486, 493—496. o. 31. Keleti K.: Hivatalos jelentés a budapesti országos általános kiállításról. IV. kötet. Bp., 1886. 219—227. o. 32 G L. 1895. 502. o. 33. G. L. 1891. 256. o. 34. Uo. 372. o. 35. G. L. 1892. 422—423. o. 36. G. L. 1893. 394. o. 37. G. L. 1897. 774—775. o. 38. Die Welt in Zahlen von WL. Woitinsky, 1926. p. 60. 39. Gajdos G.: Múlt századi gőzgépek a Körösök vidékén. Honismeret. 1982. 37—38. o. 40. Magyar Statisztikai Évkönyv. II. évf. Bp, 156—160. o. 41. A Magyar Korona Országainak mezőgazdasági statisztikája. IV. köt. Bp, 1900. 114—332. o. 42. Uo. 57*. o. 43. Magyar Statisztikai Közlemények. 112. köt. Bp, 1941. 68. o. IMRE VÁRHJDY: ON THE BEGINNINGS AND SPREADING OF STEAM-THRESHING AND STEAM-PLOUGHING IN HUNGARY IN THE 19TH CENTURY Prior to the import of the first steam-threshing set, the supporters of modernization in agriculture had to fight many difficulties and prejudices in Hungary. The first set arrived from England to József Fehér's farm in Törökbecse (Torontál county, today Yugoslavia). The first Hungarian steam-engine was manufactured in the factory of István Rock in Buda, in 1859. After wider use of the steam engine, its application for steam-ploughing on large estates came more and more into the fore. József Schulhof, landowner in Denta (Temes county, today Roumania) was the first to plough, on June 19—20, 1861, with his single-engine steam plough. Twin-engine steam ploughing spread from 1865 on. The first twin-engine steam plough in Hungary was supplied by Fowler in 1870, to the latifundium of archduke Albrecht in Béllye (Baranya county). In 1877, 1866 acres were steam-ploughed in this estate, ploughing depth was 30—35 cm. The efficiency of steam-ploughing was evaluated after harvesting. The results demonstrated that a surplus of 400 kg per acre were harvested. In 1897, already more than 100 steam plough sets were operated in Hungary, ploughing about 150—160 thousand acres, tilling the soil much deeper than in traditional ploughing. Steam engines were recommended not only for plant cultivation, but also for live-stock breeding, e. g. for sheep showers, where the water was lifted by pumps. Steam engines were also in use for operating grain cleaning equipment and stone crushers. The Hungarian agricultural journals and the statistical publications always dealt in detail with the utilization of steam engines in Hungarian agariculture.