Technikatörténeti szemle 14. (1983-84)

TANULMÁNYOK - Ritter Endre: A szegkészítés és fejlődése gépi gyártássá

IRODALOM Abbas: Handbuch der gesammten Metallwarenfabrikation. 1., 2. k. Weimar, 1878. Daumas M.

: A History of Technology and Invention. 3. k. Feldhaus F. M.

: Die Technik der Vorzeit. 2. kiad. München, 1965. Kingsford P. W.

: Engineers, Inventors and Workers. London, 1964. Klemm Fr.

: Technik. Geschichte ihrer Probleme. Freiburg, 1954. Kranzberg M., Purseil C. W.: Technology in Western Civilisation. 1. k. New York, 1967. Lueger: Lexikon der Technik. 4. kiad. Stuttgart, 1960—1972. Pistor A.: Die geschichliche Entwicklung der Eisen- und Stahlindustrie im Kreise Herrschaft Schmalkalden. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie. 9. k. 1919. 69—96. o. Reuleaux: Das Buch der Erfindungen, Gewerbe und Industrie. 6. k. 8. kiad. Leipzig, 1889. Ritter E.: A gépipari gyártmányok és gyártó folyamatok fejlődésének vizsgálata a XIX. században különös tekintettel a javak termelésének növekedésére és a társadalmi fejlődésre gyakorolt hatásukban. Kézirat az Országos Műszaki Múzeumban. 1982. Wire nail making. Japan Ind. and Technol. Bull. 1978. 1. sz. 39—41. o. Provolocsno — gvozdilnüj avtomat sz ponizsennüm urovnem suma mod. AB 4116. Kuznecsnoje stampovocsnoje proizvodsztvo. 1979. 7. sz. 15—16. o. E. RITTER: THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAKING NAILS INTO A PRODUCTION BY MACHINE Old descriptions of making nails are reviewed and archaelogical funds of which one can draw conclusions concerning nail making are reviewed. Nail making remained essentially unchanged even in the 19*h century. The life of the nail smiths the growing of their corporations; their social relations, women's and children's work and the misery of nail smiths are described. Production of nails by machines started in the 19*

n century, especially in the second half of it. Several methods were used: rolling in warm processing, pressing in cold processing. The paper describes several technologies and the machines used. The manufacture of wire nails was a radical change. This method was developed in France. At the end of the century there existed already machines making 500 nails per minute. This output did not increase essentially since that time; the progress is in the design and reducing the noise of the machines. Up to now the need of workers decrised to the 1/20-th; the need of machines up to the 1/3—1/4-th. The paper also discusses the history of wire making, as wire is the initial material of nails.