Technikatörténeti szemle 11. (1979)
TANULMÁNYOK - Vajda Pál: Creative Hungarians in mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, technical sciences and industry. A selected bio-bibliography
surface tension of liquids and invented the so-called Segner-wheel, the ancestor of reaction-type turbines which he firsrt; described in 1740. Euler’s turbine equations which established the theoretical foundations for the development of turbines were based upon Segner’s experimental accomplishments. Furthermore, Segner also excelled as an outstanding mathematician of his age. Keller K.: Johannes Andreas Segner (= Beitr. zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 1913. pp. 54—72.), Mauel K.: Johannes Segners Arbeiten zur Entwicklung hydraulischer Maschinen und ihre Verwirklichung um 1750. (= Technikgeschichte 39/1972. pp. 302—312.), Dubs R.: Das Segnersche Wasserrad (= Expe- rimenta 6/1950. p. 357.), P. Vajda: János András Segner, the „Father of the Turbine” (= VPMS: Mar. 1965. p. 7.), Kaiser W.: Johann Andreas Segner, der „Vater der Turbine”, Leipzig 1977., Kaiser W.: Johann Andreas Segner (1704—1777) (= Zahn-, Mund- und Kiefernheilkunde Leipzig, 65/1977. pp. 292—304.) Reynolds T. S.: Scientific Influences on Technology: The Case of the Overshot Waterwheel, 1752—1754 (= Technology and Culture 20/1979. pp. 270—295.), Smith N. A. F.: The Origins of the Water Turbine and the Invention of its Name (— Hist, of Technology 2/1977. pp. 215—259.), Kaiser W.: Johann Andreas Segner (= NTM Zeitschrift Naturwiss. Techn. Medizin 12/1975. pp. 88—97.) DSB, WHC, CH, GHG, ZAB EIGHTEENTH-NINETEENTH-CENTURY BOLYAI, Farkas (1775—1856). Mathematician. Farkas Bolyai was the first to recognize the significance of axiomatic methods in his Latin-language Tentamen (1832—33) and made several strikingly new innovative statements on integral calculus as well as on the theory of sets. Stäckel P.: W. und J. Bolyai’s Geometrische Untersuchungen I., Leipzig 1913., Cajon, F.: A history of mathematics, New York 1929. p. 303. DSB, TUW, ITS DHS KITAIBEL, Pál (1757—1817). Chemist. Kitaibel was the discoverer of chloride of lime, and he even observed its bleaching effect (1795). But he did not consider its potential industrial use for textile bleaching, probably because at the time there was no important textile factory in Hungary. In 1798, unaware of Franz Mtiller’s earlier discovery (1783), Kitaibel discovered the element later named tellurium in a mineral from the Börzsöny Mountains (Hungary). M. E Weeks: Discovery of the Elements, Easton, Pa. 1956. pp. 326—377., Szathmá- ry L.: Paul Kitaibel entdeckt den Chlorkalk (= Chemiker Zeitung, 55/1931. p. 645.), Szathmáry L.: Einige chemisch-physikalische Apparate des ungarischen Chemikers Paul Kitaibel (= Chemische Apparatur 19/1932. pp. 49.) DSB, WHC MÜLLER, Ferenc (1740—1825). Chemist. Müller discovered the chemical element tellurium in 1783 at Nagyszeben; he also enumerated its characteristic chemical reactions. Müller also contributed to mineralogy. He discovered a variety of tourmaline and a variety of opal that is also called Müller glass. Jagnaux R.: Histoire de la chimie I Paris, 1891. pp. 500—504., Weeks M. E.: Discovery of the elements, 1956. pp. 303—304. DSB, SZA, ZAB SIPOS, Pál (1759—1816). Mathematician. The first Hungarian mathematician who made an original discovery. Applying 39
