Technikatörténeti szemle 11. (1979)
TANULMÁNYOK - Vajda Pál: Creative Hungarians in mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, technical sciences and industry. A selected bio-bibliography
NINETEENTH-TWENTIETH-CENTURY BÁNKI, Donát (1859—1922). Mechanical engineer. Donát Bánki and János Csonka ( — ) produced in 1893 the world-famous Bánki—Csonka petrol (gasoline) engine. A measure of their progress is the fact that they patented engines at a time when the original patent of the Otto engine still limited the operations of engine manufactures. The most significant feature of the Bánki—Csonka engine was a constant fuel level atomizer which they constructed in 1891 and which they named „carburettor”. Today, almost a century later, it is still an essential part of all gasoline engines. A year later Bánki obtained a patent for the first highpressure combustion engine (internal combustion engine). Bánki’s water turbine, named after him, opened new vistas in the development of water turbines. The advantage of Biánki turbines is their high efficiency. This is due to energy transfer in two phases, the straight flow of the jet, the spaces between the vanes being completely filled and finally, the exact direction of flow ensured by careful machining. The major fields of his literary endeavors encompassed the theory of gas engine and the basic principles of designing steam and hydraulic engines. Bánki’s Vergaser (= Z. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 1895. p. 85.), Lieckfeld G.: Die Petroleum- und Benzinmotoren, ihre Entwicklung, Konstruktion und Verwendung, München 1901. p. 136—147, 162—168, 257—258, 261—264., Schimanek E.: Donat Bánki -f (= Z. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 66/1922. p. 940.), Mockmore, C. A.—Merryfield, F.: The Bánki Water Turbine, Corvallis (USA) 1949., VPMS Aug. 1959. p. 2., S. Terplán: Vor 75 Jahren entstand der Karburator als Erfindung von Donát Bánki und János Csonka (= ATH 66/1969. pp. 407—412.), A. Fonó: Donát Bánki 1859—1922. (= ATFl 37 1959. pp. 13—39.), 1. Rázsó: Donát Bánki’s Rolle im landwirtschaftlichen Maschinenbau (— ATH 27/1959. pp. 157—170.) Varga J.: Das Leben und Werk von Donát Bánki (= JDM pp. 31—43.) BLÁTHY, Otto Titusz (1860—1939). Engineer. Coinventor, with Zipernowsky ( — ) and Déri, ( — ), the world’s first transformer thus making possible the conduction and distribution of electric currents over long distances. Bláthy was also the first in the world to succesfully apply the parallel switch of alternative currents. He is also inventor of the first a. c. watthour meter (1889). Forbes G.: The distribution of Electricity (= Electrical Review 1885. pp. 120—124, 143—146, 168—172.), Hospitaller E.: Conditions de fonctionnement des transfor- mateurs Zipernowsky, Déri, Bláthy (= L’Electricien 10/1886. p. 129. f.), Wissner A.: Die Entwicklung der Starkstromtechnik (= Hausen H. J.: Der gebändigte Blitz, Oldenburg 1972. pp. 88—90.), Debreczeny A.—Vajda P.: The first induction-type a. c. watt-hour meter (= Technikatörténeti Szemle- Review of History of Technics IX. 1977. pp. 145—152.), Otto Titus Bláthy -j- (= Bull. Schweiz. Elektrotechn. Verein 30 1939. p. 804.), Krukowski M.: Grundzüge der Zählertechnik, Berlin 1930. p. 89.. VPMS Dez. 1960. p. 7., Mándy, A.: In Memory of Otto Titus Bláthy (= ATH 34 1961.pp. 3—4.), Tsvereva, G. K.: Vengerskii elektroteknik Otto Blati (= Vop. 1st. Est. Tekh., Moscou 1962. 13:150—154.). CH, WHC, ZUE, CRW, ZAB COTEL, Ernő (1879—1954). Metallurgical engineer. His most important scientific work was the preliminary determination of the force-consumption of rolling. At the beginning of the 1920’s he invented a gas-generator of elliptical profile, utilizing revolving shaft. This equipment solved the problem of the appropriate and economical gasification of difficult coal-types in a simple and safe way. In 1946 he patented the nozzle of the 45
