Technikatörténeti szemle 11. (1979)

TANULMÁNYOK - Vajda Pál: Creative Hungarians in mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, technical sciences and industry. A selected bio-bibliography

E. Bukovic: Die Yacht „Sirene” (— Pester Lloyd Sep. 22. 1879), Kunstaedter’s Patent screw steering apparatus (= Engineering 1882. pp. 182—183.), The Kunstaed- ter Screw Steering Apparatus (— Mechanics Aug. 1. 1885.), The Kunstaedter System of Steering (— Marine Journal Jun. 12. 1886.), The Steering of War Ships (= London Globe Aug. 12. 1885.)

PETZVAL, József (1807—1891). Mathematician, engineer.

Petzval invented and constructed in 1840 the double combination lenses which were employed in the Voigtländer cameras. It was characterized by a large aperture and a short focus. Free from spherical and chromatic aberration, it gave excellent sharpness in the picture centre without the use of a stop, and could be employed for portraits at the full aperture of F 1 : 3,6. With the Petzval lens began the ascendancy of German optical equipment; it was the first of many important improvements, and throughout the nineteenth century it remained the most widely used portrait lens in every country.

Erményi L.: Petzvals Leben und Verdienste, Halle/S. 1903., Obermayer A,: Joseph Max Petzvals Erfindungen auf dem Gebiete der Photographie (= Phot. Correspondenz 1907. pp. 107—115., 155—162)., Rohr M.: Die optischen Systeme aus

J. Petzvals Nachlass (= Phot. Correspondenz 1906. pp. 266—276.), Eder J. M.: Geschichte der Photographie I. Bd. 1. T., Halle/S. 1932. pp. 382—421., Seress J.: Joseph Petzval (ATH 10/1955. pp. 407—417.) Gegenbauer L.: Joseph Petzval (= Jahresberichte der deutscher Mathematiker-Vereinigung 12/1903. pp. 324—344.)

CH, TUW, WHC, ZAB, MBH

PUSKÁS, Tivadar (1844—1893). Inventor.

In 1892—1893 Puskás obtained an Austrian patent on his invention, the „telephonic newspaper” a system of news distribution to a network of subscribers which functioned as a wire news system and was the precursor of the radio — which commenced operations in Budapest as early as 1893.

Erdőss J.: Le Journal Téléphonique de Budapest; l’ancétre de la radio (= Radio diffusion Oct. 1936. p. 38.), Schmidt K.: Über die Entstehung des Telephonrundsprechers (= Weltrundfunk 1934. p. 434.), Woods D. L.: Semantics versus the „First” Broadcasting Station (— Journ. Broadcasting 11/1967. pp. 199—207.) WHC, CH

SCHWARZ, David (1850—1897). Inventor.

David Schwarz invented the first dirigible rigid airship. This airship meant a significant advancement in the design of dirigibles. „He showed that the construction technique and control method of metal dirigibles have been discovered” (Moedebeck). The first light metal (aluminium) dirigible with a rigid framework took off on November 3. 1897.

Moedebeck W. L.: Pallone dirigible (= L’Aeronauta 1897. XII.), Rohrbach K.: Luftschiffpremiere in Berlin — Premiere aeronautique ä Berlin (= Schweizer Aluminium Rundschau — Revue suisse de l’aluminium 1971. pp. 235—239.), Rohr- bach K.: Luftschiff-Premiere in Berlin (— VN-Nachrichten March 1971. p. 14— 15.), Bradshaw, P. Jr.: The Role of Technology in the Failure of the Rigid Airship as an Invention (Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Florida, 1975.) (= Dissertation Abstracts International A36 II. 1976.: 5463.)

SPITZER, Emanuel (1844—1919). Painter.

He invented in 1900 a simple new photomechanical process for making cliohés applicable for photogravure and in a rasterfree way to produce black and white, and colour halftone pictures. This process is called Spitzertypie.

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