Technikatörténeti szemle 10. (1978)
A MÉRÉS ÉS A MÉRTÉKEK AZ EMBER MŰVELŐDÉSÉBEN című konferencián Budapesten, 1976. április 27–30-án elhangzott előadások II. - Podgurski, T.: A lengyel mérésügy helye a világ mérésügyében
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