A Közlekedési Múzeum Évkönyve 14. 2003-2004 (2005)

IV. RÉSZ • A Közlekedési Múzeum gyűjteményeiből 265 - Rövid tartalmi összefoglaló a Közlekedési Múzeum XIV. Évkönyvéhez (magyar, angol, német nyelven) 294

Miklós Merczi: The Underground Railway Of Budapest As Reflected By The Building Journal. Our country was preparing for the lOOOst annyversary of the Hungrian conquest. In the frame of the millenary celebrations a great exhibition war organized in the Town Park. In honour of the anniversary and for the easy access of the Town Park the management of the capital and the country decided to build an underground railway below the Andrássy street. This was the first underground railway on the continent being in service even in our days. With this project our predecessors established the publick traffic with European fame of Budapest. Owing to the collecting activities of the Traffic Museum the building journal demonstrating the first four months of the construction of the Millenary Underground Railway was found. The management of the capital decided that the construction of the underground railway should take 22 months. The building engineer had started to keep the building journal on the 4th August 1894, the actual work was commenced on the 6th Autust 1894. The Author informs in his study on the basis of the building journal about the strenuous earth, carpenter, mason and lockmith works scheduled from hour to hour. About the continuation of the construction we have no written records, but the construction of the first underground railway of the continent has been finished within 22 months, by 1896. Part III Studies In Connection With Transport History And Methodology Dr.

Zsuzsa Frisnyák: Hungary In The Transport Configuration Of Europe. Hungary's transport system was developed by the geographical situation and fundamentals, the geopolitical situation and by the situation resulting from the coincidence of interests. The governments of Hungary tried to influence the development of working processes of the transport and communication relation system of Eurpe on such a way that they translated the effects generated by the makro-prozesses into concrete development targets. The questions of the relation system between Hungary and the international traffic corridors came to the front of the government policy from the second half of the 1870s. The changes in the European trade policy required that even Hungary should comply with the changed European economic environment. The construction of the country-wide uniform railway network, the strengthening of the role of the capital in the Carpathian basin and the realization of the international railway ralations were in the interest of Hungary. This was the reason of establishing the traffic corridors to Poland, Rumania, the Balkans and first of all to Austria. Not only the railway lines, but even the Danube as an international water way had an effect on the role of Hungary in the European area and on Hungary's position in the transport competition of Central Europe. The Danube was already before the age of the steamships an international commercial transit route. At the beginning of the 1880s those interests of Hungary were strengthened concerning the Danube, which were connected with the water-way, as a potential export route. In the decades between the age of Széchenyi and the opening of the Iron Gate the ports of the capital became the most frequented ones on the complete length of the river. Tisza's government recognized that the freight transport tariffs have and can to be used, as economic policy tools. Gábor Baross had subordinated the railway tariffs completly to the interests of the national economy and in his opinion the extensive agriculture, the undeveloped industry and trade of the country could be risen to European level by the right application of the tariffs. Sándor Bálint^ The History Of MATEOSZ (National Central Co-operative Of Hungarian Carrières) II. On the basis of summarizing the first capital of our 13th Year-Book it could be declared that the MÁVMATEOSZ-MAHÁZ association brough improvement in respect of organization and the co-operative 306