Tanulmányok Budapest múltjából 33. 2006- 2007 (2007)

Forrás - Basics Beatrix: Pollack Mihály tervei a Budapesti Történeti Múzeum Kiscelli Múzeumának építészeti gyűjteményében

Basics, Beatrix: THE PLANS OF POLLACK MIHÁLY KEPT IN THE ARCHITECT COLLECTION OF THE KISCELLI MUSEUM OF THE HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF BUDAPEST Pest gradually became the commercial and industrial center of the country at the beginning of the 19

th century. Reorganizing and extending the city was very important, therefore the palatine asked Hild, János architect to plan a new quarter and the pertaining suburbs for it, in 1804. The plan was ready in 1805, the works started in 1808 under the supervision of the Embellishing Committee. One of the founding member of this committee was an architect who was bom and had studied in Vienna, and became a significant figure of the Classicist Pest. Pollack arrived to Pest in 1798. His first job was to continue and finish the construction of the Evangelic church in Deák square, which was started by Krausz, János master architect. He spent almost six decades of his life in Pest, during that time he built numbers of private and public buildings. Therefore became a significant architect of the Hungarian Classicism. He created "regular", already existing buildings like churches, palaces but also types of building which appeared first in this period, since they served new needs, like the multilevel living-houses. Although Pollack, Mihály created both ways, he became known by the new public buildings, like the National Theatre, Vigadó, city "amusement center", the National Museum, which is the third building of Europe that was created for the purpose of holding museum collections; Ludoviceum, serving the national military officer training; customs buildings, or the Josephinum boy's orphanage. Most of the buildings he created still exist and are a part of our most important historic monuments. The apartment houses and palaces in Pest suffered the most damage and modification through time. Most of the plans of the buildings are held in public collections: National Archive, Capital Archive of Budapest, however almost 50 plans are held in the Architect Collection of the Kiscelli MuseumoftheHistoricalMuseumofBudapest.Mostofthese were neverbefore on display, or being published, therefore are still new to the public and the professionals. Especially the two early church-plans. Pollack, Mihály made the plans of the Evangelic Church in Besztercebánya (Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) in 1800. The construction work was probably done by a local master craftsman. These two church plans are possibly the variations of the church in Besztercebánya, as the similar formation of the semicircular window and the similarity of the building structure seems to prove it. The two plans are variations of the same church insides, one using a vertical, the other using a horizontal altar-piece. This leads us to a characteristic of Pollack's works: always considering every detail of the furnishings. Just like in the ceremonial hall of the National Museum, where even the composition of the paintings on the wall is noticeable.