Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából 29. (2001)

A BUDAI KIRÁLYI VÁR ÉS A VÁRNEGYED MINT POLITIKAI, GAZDASÁGI ÉS KORMÁNYZATI KÖZPONT - Kubinyi András: Buda, Magyarország középkori fővárosa 11-22

55. MOL, Df. 232528. (1519). Ez a per Emuszt Zsigmond pécsi püspök rejtélyes halálával és hagyatékával volt kapcsolatban. Chesius budai bíráskodása erdélyi egyházmegyei (azaz a kalocsai érsekséghez tartozó) ügyekben: SZABÓ, 1890, 341., 476. sz. (1515). - BONIS, 1997,4196. sz. (1517). Sajnos Bónis regesztakiadása a legtöbb esetben nem adja meg a kelethelyet, így a Budán működő prímási legátusi bíróság kezdete ma még nem határozható meg. 56. ENGEL, 1791,71. 57. ENGEL, 1791,83,87. 58. FRAKNÓI, 1877,92. 59. Archiv der Stadt und des Landes Wien, OKA Rechnungen 1., 49. Bd. 37/v., 69/v. 60. RATH, 1986,569. 61. BEAUNE., 1990,92. 62. FRAKNÓI, 1877,83,156,161,163,169. 63. Archiv der Stadt und des Landes Wien. Urkunden, Nr. 5152. 64. Ifj. SZENTPÉTERY, 1934,510-590.; MERTANOVÁ, 1985, több helyen. 65. Ifj. SZENTPÉTERY, 1934,589. 66. MERTANOVÁ, 1985,158.: „Nach dem Ofenstadt die furnembste gennenet wirdt unnd alle Sachen des Lands Einwohnern darinnen gehandelt werden". 67. KUBINYI, 1973,170-171. 68. BELOW, 1926,499-500. 69. KUBINYI, 1995,321. 70. ENGEL, 1791,98-107. 71. ENGEL-LAMBRECHT, 1995,16. 72. MORAW, 1980,459.; az idézet: MORAW, 1980,474. 73. KUBINYI, 1999,306-307. 74. GYÖRFFY, 1997,223-228. ANDRÁS KUBINYI BUDA, HUNGARY'S MEDIAEVAL CAPITAL Summary Buda has always been thought of as Hungary's mediaeval capital. The question is, since when exactly, and in what respect? In one source, dating from 1308, the town is referred to as the king's "civites principalis." In mediaeval terms, however, that could either mean "principal town," or, indeed, "capital." Another source, drawn up the same year, identifies Buda as "sedes regni" (literally, "seat of the king") which has a broader meaning. As of the second half of the 15th century, references to the town as the seat of the king —and not the country— proliferated ("sedes," "solium," "thronus," "cathedra"). Theatrical events in mediaeval Buda, such as pageants and royal entries, help resolve the question. The very first trip of any newly crowned king of Hungary in the Middle Ages was to Buda. His entry was an event whose choreography, apparently, remained unchanged for a long time. It consisted of secular and religious elements. Descriptions of this event have come down to us from as early as the beginning of the 14th century. The queen's ceremonious entry was a similarly choreographed occasion. The significance of such entries as public and legal events is indicated by the fact that King Matthias Corvinus, elected in 1458, did not have himself crowned until 1464, because the Holy Crown was not in the country. This fact notwithstanding, he was legally held to be king on account of his entry to Buda in 1458, and the oath he took on that occasion. When a king died, he was brought to Buda before laying to rest in Székesfehérvár. Buda, then, can be regarded as Hungary's capital from the first half of the 14th century, albeit during that century the kings spent most of their time in Visegrád. The institutions of the royal administration and the courts of law were also there, but were moved to Buda in the early 15th century. The citizens of Buda had the privilege of guarding the coronation church during the king's coronation in Székesfehérvár. Unlike many foreign capitals, Buda was not a seat of bishops; nevertheless —at least in the late Middle Ages— the Archbishop of Esztergom headed the legatine tribunal in Buda in his capacity of papal legate. 22