Havassy Péter - Selmeczi László szerk.: Régészeti kutatások az M0 autópálya nyomvonalán 2. (BTM műhely 5/II. kötet Budapest, 1992)

PETŐ MÁRIA: Szarmata falvak a dél-pesti síkságon (Beszámoló az MO autópálya nyomvonalán 1987-1989-ben végzett leletmentésekről)

Roman (Sarmatian) villages on the trace of motorway MO crossing the South-Pest Plain MÁRIA PETŐ Four villages were excavated between 1987-1989 (Budapest XX, Soroksár- Várhegy,working site III, Soroksár, line l/B-junction, Dunaharaszti Working site I, and border of Dunaharaszti-Taksony, working site ll/-all can be dated to the 3rd century A. D. This period is colled middle-Sarmatian period. By this time the Sarmatian tribes living on the Pest Plain, on the Danube-Tisza Interfluve and Great Hungarian Plain, settled down, stablished permanent villages and began to work as farmers, craftsmen and merchants. These tribes spoke Iranian language and used to live a nomadic life before. The peace concluded in 175 A. D. after the QuadMarkomann-Sarmatian war provided an opportunity for them to build up good and more intersive connections with the Roman Empire, in this case with Pannónia through Aquincum, via the routes, crossing the Barbaricum. There are a lot of Roman import finds (fibulae, terra sigillata, amphora, lamps, painted Roman sherds and vessels) among the assemblages excavated in this area. During the excavations only two Roman coins came to light, both are stray finds. One of them is a Gordianus coin and the other is a coin from the 4th century A. D,. They lived in subterranean, rectangular wattle-anddaub huts. The roof was supported by a post in the centre of the house or by two posts on the shorter side of the house.Postless houses and huts of circular plan were revealed too. There were clay-pits, refuse pits and store-pits among the houses. An iron-smelting hearth (Soroksár-Várhegy, working site III, Mo. 10, (a potteryhearth) border of Dunaharaszti-Taksony, working site II, No. 3.) and some open fire places were found.There were two lonely burials on the site.Only parts of the villages were excavated in all cases.lnvestigations concerning on settlement-history could be done at Soroksár, at the junction of motorway l/B-ln this village the houses were built in order, the refuse pits were at the edge of the village in regular order. There was much dross in some of these pits. The settlements were situated on the SW slopes of the sandy hills. They were short-lived villages some kilometers off eachother. In some cases the houses were destroyed by fire and were not rebuilt. In other cases the settlements were abandoned and people took their values with them. The settlements, excavated here, are 3 km off the bank of the Soroksár branch of the Danube and 10 km off the Danube. Consequently the inhabitants did not observe the rule ordered by the Romans in the peace: to leave unoccupied a 15 km wide area. According to the excavated settlements there was a dense population of Sarmatians during the 3rd century A. D. here, in the foreground of the Roman limes.