Kőszegi Frigyes: A Dunántúl Története A Későbronzkorban (BTM műhely 1. kötet Budapest, 1988)
Időrendi és történeti áttekintés (The history of Transdanubia during the late bronze age.) Bilingual-bilingvis.
their fortifications were only made in the younger phase of the Urnfield age. Pile structured earthworks, occasional stone structures prove a well organized Urnfield society. The construction of these defense systems surpassed the possibilities of a clan-tribe type society. It should be sufficient to refer here only to the huge defense works constructed along the plateau of the Velemszentvid settlement, to the artificially established terraces which could only be product of a people at the brink of class society with a strong economic power. The time limits of the fifth phase cannot be determined precisely yet. The beginnings must be sought during the Prescythian occupation in eastern Hungary, during the second half of the HB period, in the ninth century B.C. This phase can be at once considered as a transition between the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in Transdanubia. This development must have undoubtedly started in Eastern Hungary following the Hajdúböszörmény level during the younger HB phase. We consider the invasions of the Early Iron Age Tumulus Culture as turning point in Transdanubia which simultaneously means the end of the fifth phase as well. The change was gradual, whereas it started at the end of the period HB in the northwest, considering the whole of the region it can only be parallelled with the beginning of the period HC, most likely during the eight century B.C. A very strong Urnfield retardation can be observed in certain places, especially in the southern border area of Transdanubia and in the neighbouring expansion circle of the Dálya-Kiskőszeg group. Although the basic pottery finds show an unchanging character for a long time the metallurgy of this group truthfully reflects the changes in their lives, starting with the beginning of the Urnfield period as far as the beginning of the La Téne. We can assume that ethnic elements are behind these changes as proven by several Vukovar skeletal graves. 544
