Budapest Régiségei 38. (2004) – Tanulmányok dr. Gerő Győző tiszteletére
Zádor Judit: Régészeti adatok a török kori Pestről 217-229
RÉGÉSZETI ADATOK A TÖRÖK KORI PESTRŐL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE CITY OF PEST IN THE TURKISH PERIOD The life of Pest, the flourishing mediaeval trading city was completely changed under the 150 years of Turkish occupation between 1541 and 1686. The rich European, Christian town was gradually transformed into a moslim settlement. The outlook of the city became different. On woodcuts from 16 th-17 ü1 centuries Pest was depicted as a typical eastern city with thin towery mosques and domes. The houses in the centre of the city were built of stone, and on the outskirts they were simpler, made from wattle and daub. In the central part of the city, around the former St. Peter mahalle - in the cellar at 5 Reáltanoda Street Budapest - a pit lined in wood filled with ashley infilment was discovered. From the 2x2 ms store a great number fragments of pots came to light. Near the pit there were the remains of a stone building and a part of a round building were excavated. On the basis of the ceramics material the site can be dated to the second half of the 16 th century Near Reáltanoda Street, in the neighbourhood of the former St Michael Street (mahalle), from the yard of 16 Károlyi Mihály Street a Turkish-period cellar and the remains of a store came to light. The building material of the cellar was middle-size limestone. The binding - according to Turkish customs - was clay and soil, the walls were 40-50 cms thick. In the infilment of the room a great number of pottery, iron nails and pieces of harness were found. There was a food-store attached to the southwestern corner of the cellar. From the pit with its 185x140 side and 185 cms depth pottery finds of a typical Turkish household were unearthed. The building and the store were destroyed due to siege between 1602 and 1604 and its military events. In the outer parts of Turkish period Pest wooden-framed, houses daubed on their northern and southern side were to be found. Poorer layers of society could have leaved here, and workshops used for activities that could easily cause fire were placed here. At 3 Bástya Street a blacksmith's workshop made up of several kilns, a round and a rectangular pits was identified. The unsuccesful recapture of Buda in 1864 and the successful one in 1686 was met by the burnt and devastated Pest, completely ruined. Thus, the once flourishing mediaeval period and the moslim period following eastern ways of the city came to end. 221
