Budapest Régiségei 36. (2002) – In memoriam Rózsa Kalicz-Schreiber (1929-2001)

M. Virág Zsuzsanna: Data on the middle copper age archaeological topography of Budapest environs : sites of the Ludanice Culture = Adatok Budapest középső rézkorának topográfiájához : a Ludanice kultúra lelőhelyei 93-113

BUDAPEST RÉGISÉGEI XXXVI. 2002. ZSUZSANNA M. VIRÁG DATA ON THE MIDDLE COPPER AGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF BUDAPEST ENVIRONS (sites of the Ludanice Culture) The research of the last years delineated the basic features of finds coming from the first half of the Middle Copper Age on the territory of Budapest. These features connect the territory of the present capital to the settlement area of S-W Slovakian Ludanice Culture.

1 At the same time the intensive connection of this population with the neighbouring contemporary cultures became also evident.

2 The present study aims at presenting known and accessible evidences from Budapest following former researches of the author on finds from Remete cave. By the help of this, our knowledge delineated previously on the Early Middle Copper Age of the capital will be enriched with further details. I. CATALOGUE OF SITES AND FINDS

3 Cave sites NAGYKOVÁCSI, REMETE-HILL LOWER CAVE* (Fig.l.,site 1) NAGYKOVÁCSI, REMETE- HILL UPPER CAVE

5 (Fig. 1. site 2. and Fig. 2) The cave is situated at about the middle height level of the Remete-hill, 30 m above the Lower Cave. During the excavations of V G. Csánk in 1969-70, Middle Copper Age pottery fragments were also found

6 in the Holocene layers of the interior room that were assigned, in the publication of the Palaeolithic finds

7

, to the "Ludanice group of the Bodrogkeresztúr Culture". Finds

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: Bowls, double conical (Fig. 2. 8), with cylindrical upper part (Fig. 2. 9), handle and conical bottom (Fig. 2. T), as well as arched side (Fig. 2. 10). Milk jug i VIRÁG 1995. 61-94. 2VIKÁC1997. 10-14. 3 The list of sites was prepared first by N. Kalicz, but essential part of the finds could not be published at that time (KALICZ 1966. 16). This will be complemented below together with the site which became known since that time. Our purpose is the collection of finds and information concerning the first half of the Middle Copper Age on the territory of the capital. For sake of a complete view finds previously published will be mentioned as well, complemented with new evidences and revising the find circumstances. Our catalogue includes data up to know 1998. 4 VIRÁG 1997. 5-40. 5 MRT 7. Site 12/6. 123. 6 MRT 7. 123. 7 CSÁNK 1984. 7. Finds were not published by the excavator. 8 Pottery fragments in Budapest Historical Museum (BTM) invno: 70.5. 11,19, 36, 37, 50, 63, 93, 95, 96, 97. (Fig. 2. 3) Cup with two handles (Fig. 2. 2) Barrel-like vessel (Fig. 2. 4- 5, 7) Mug (Fig. 2. 6). NAGYKOVÁCSI, REMETE-HILL ZSOMBOLY-CAVE? (Fig. 1. site 3. and Figs. 3-5) Close to the eastern end of the gorge valley Ördög-árok (Devil-trough) on the southern slope of Remete-hili at the lower part of limestone cliffs at the altitude 350—380 m a.s.L, amateur-cave-research-team lead by L. Szabó performed excavations in 1971. The cave sediments yielded, among other finds, fragments of Middle Copper Age pottery as well.

10 Finds

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: Bowls, biconical (Fig.3. 5), with cylindrical upper part, (Fig. 3. 6, 8-9), with retracted margin (Fig.3. 8) and handle (Fig. 3. 1, 3). Jug. (Fig. 3. 2) Cups with two handles. (Fig. 4. 3, 5, 8, 10; 3. 4) Holloiu-pedestalled bowls. (Fig. 4. 7, 9) Miniature vessels. (Fig. 4. 4, 6) Round (Fig. 4. 1) and oval (Fig. 4. 2) clay spoons. Barrel-like vessels (Fig. 5. 2-3, 5-8). Fragments with knot ornament (Fig. 5. 1,4). BUDAPEST, BÁTORI CAVEP- (Fig. 1. site 4) In the cave named after a late Paulican monk opening along the Northern side of the Nagy-Hárshegy close to the peak, a cave-research team lead by György Vajna made excavations at the beginning of the 60-ies. In the cave sediment medieval as well as prehistoric, mainly Early Middle Copper Age pottery finds were found. N. Kalicz observed in the area in front of the cave further signs of Middle Copper Age habitation. The pottery fragments and stone tools collected in course of the research of the cave got lost.

13 N. Kalicz pointed out a close connection of the pottery with the other sites from Budapest environs.

14 9 MRT 7. Site 12/11. 124. 10 MRT 7. 124. Finds collected by L. Zolnay The author thank for the possibility of publishing the Copper Age finds. Information on the existence of the material was due to attention by N. Kalicz. 11 Pottery fragments. BTM, uninventorised. 12 VAJNA 1973 13 P c. by Gy Vajna. 14 KALICZ 1966.16. 93