Budapest Régiségei 36. (2002) – In memoriam Rózsa Kalicz-Schreiber (1929-2001)

Endrődi Anna: New data on the late copper age and early bronze age settlement history of Budapest – Csepel Island = Újabb adatok Budapest Csepel-sziget késő rézkori és kora bronzkori településtörténetéhez 115-129

ANNA ENDRŐDI Finds: Flowerpot-shaped cup in light brown fabric with a band handle raised above the rim. The rim fragment of a pot bearing a rib ornament with finger impression. Fragment of an amphora-shaped vessel with brown spots on the surface and oblique channelled ornament. Body-sherd of a brownish grey bowl with inverted rim and channelled ornament. The analogies of these finds can be found among the finds from the sites of the Late Baden Culture at Szikra, Uny and Tlmce in Slovakia.

13 3. Csepel-Hâros -Dunapart (Danube bank). Rescue excavation by Margit Nagy and Rózsa Schreiber in 1974. An Avar grave and the of an early and late Bronze Age settlement were unearthed, and some scattered sherds were also found from the Baden Culture

14 (Fig. I site 3). 4. Csepel-Mikes Kelemen street. The owner of the lot handed in a few sherds that could be completed to the Budapest History Museum in 1960. The hemispherical bowl with inverted rim and a horizontally pierced handle fits Pavúková's type H, which is characteristic of the early classical Baden Culture. The finding circumstances are unknown

15 (Fig. 1, site 4). 5: Csepel Dunadűlő street. R. Schreiber conducted rescue excavations in the track of a gas pipe in 1984. She found scattered pot sherds of the Baden Culture together with Neolithic and early Bronze Age sherds

16 (Fig. 1, site 5). The following sites of the Baden-Kosztolác Culture are situated along the Ráckeve branch of the Danube outside the legal boundary of Budapest: 6. Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor

17 (Fig. 1. site 6.), 7. Szigetcsép-Tangazdaság.

18 The Csepel-Vízmű site can be found on a sand knoll east of the wells established along the eastern bank of the Csepel branch of the Danube. The northern part of the N-S aligned knoll has been removed. No ground plan was made of the excavations in 1956, only a taciturn excavation report informs about the excavations conducted in three campaignes.

19 The present paper will describe some types characteristic of the period. Bowls. Conical bowls with funnel-shaped mouth (Fig. 3-5). The high, conical bowl without handles matches type "J/3" in Pavúková's typology

20 (Fig. 2. 4). It is ornamented by vertically incised lines under a double row of grooved notches. Pots. Several types have been uncovered from the late Copper Age set» BANNER 1956. 29. 12; BANNER 1956. 17. 8; HABOVSTIAK 1962. 269. Fig. 3. 4-5. « BTM A: 13275. The finds are in the BTM, hw. no: 87. 5. 95. 400. 15 The find can be found in the BTM. « The finds are in the BTM, unpublished, BTM A: 1509-86. ^ENDRŐDI 1992. 18 KOREK 1984. » NAGY T. 1958. BTM A: 1053-79. 20 PAVÚKOVÁ 1981. 266-267. tlement. Slightly profiled pots with coarse-grained surfaces (Fig. 2.2). They occur with the common ornaments, e. g. one or two lug-handles under the rim. A similar item is known from Bina in Slovakia.

21 A pot with two band handles placed on the opposite sides of the vessel (Fig. 2. 1), which matches Pavúková's type R. A horizontally impressed dot row runs on the body under the rim and above the foot. Between the middle part and the foot there is a hatched triangle motive flanked by rows of impressed dots. Its analogy was found in sector Ill/b of Cerveny-Hradok.

22 The finds are characteristic of the classical phase of the culture. The 25 features of the late Copper Age Baden Culture unearthed by the author in 1999 were probably parts of the settlement excavated in 1956. Seven of the settlement features were ovens, from which no. 137 proved to be a unique of its structure in the culture.

23 The heating chamber of the oven was lined all around in an oval shape with sherds of a storage jar, which functioned as windshield. The sherds were discovered standing on the edges. An ashy burnt layer could have been observed within, of which the cross-section showed a black and burnt layer on the top, a grey and ashy layer in the middle and a burnt layer of daub at the bottom above the yellow unbroken ground. The bottom of the ash pit of the throughly burnt oven was flat, the pit itself was filled up with ashy soil of humus . Finds: Fragments of a gynaecomorphic vessel. 1. Thick-walled amphora-shaped vessel burnt red, with protruding, pointed knobs. It was ornamented with impressed dots between bunches of lines running on the bend of the neck and the knobs. 2. Fragments of a thick-walled, polished gynaecomorphic vessel, burnt red. Protruding knobs bordered by dot rows ornament the vessel between horizontal bunches of channelling on the body Hatched triangle ornaments can be seen under them. Fragments of a large thick-walled, amphora-shaped vessel, secondarily burnt red. Horizontal channelling can be seen on the neck and vertical channelling on the belly.

24 Its parallels can be found among the vessels of the Fonyód horizon at Tekovsky-Hradok although similar items also occurred in the Nevidzany site classified into a younger phase and at the settlement unearthed at Budapest-Andor street. The strong profile of the vessel, which could be reconstructed, reminds already of the large storage jars of the Uny type. Beside the above cited types, fragments of large, pot-shaped vessels were found with notched, slightly inverted rims and with rims ornamented by 21 CHEBEN 1984. Fig 9. 21. 22 PAVÚKOVÁ 1974. Fig 16.17. 23ENDRŐDI-GYULAI 1998-2000. 9-44. 24 ENDRŐDI-GYULAI 1998-2000. Fig 10-13. 116