Budapest Régiségei 35/2. (2002)

KÖZLEMÉNYEK - Kárpáti Zoltán: Árpád-kori majorság Budaújlak területén 587-615

ÁRPÁD-KORI MAJORSÁG BUDAÚJLAK TERÜLETÉN ARPADIAN AGE MANOR IN THE AREA OF BUDAUJLAK In 1999 the BTM (Budapesti Történeti Múzeum, Budapest Museum of History) excavated an Arpadian Age manor at Szépvölgyi road 18-22, Budaújlak. The natural ditch at Obuda's southern border gradually became filled up, providing a suitable enviroment for a vineyard. At the end of the 12

th and in the first half of the 13

th centuries the areas outside of cities were divided into smaller units. The four buildings that we excavated once belonged to the agricultural wing of such a unit: a vineyard (picture 1). Building 1: An ascending walled log building with a basic area of 7,40 x 7,40 m and set into the ground at least 50 cm was found in the area's western part. The stringers of the building were placed a little inwards from the edge of the foundation on a stone slab approximately 20 cm wide. The eastern and western slabs were made of flatter and smaller stones than the northern and southern ones, making the latter walls about one beam's height (approximately 15 cm) taller than the other two (pictures 2-3). This technique probably played an important role in the jointing of the groundsels. The ascending construction was supported inside by pillars in the corners and in the middle of the eastern and western walls. The pillars were placed in post holes set with flat stones. From the outside, the building was buttressed by earth and stone. There was no sign of an oven inside the beaten earth floored building. The entrance of the building was probably on the southern side. A wide range of finds - including objects connected to village life (tile caldron) and city culture (glass bottle, scale pan) - were recovered from the filled in area (pictures 5-12). Building 2: An ascending walled stone building with a wall width of 30 cm was found approximately 12 m southeast from building 1. The building, which sits 80 cm deep into the ground on average, has a basic area of 5 x 5,25 m (pictures 13-14). Two ovens, set into the the building's beaten earth floor, were found by the southern wall. The ovens' loam walls hardened during years of use. The openings of both ovens faced towards the center of the building. Both ovens had stokeholes that inclined towards the bottom. Both had a diameter of 60 cm. Presumably both had stone arches (pictures 13,15-16). Another building - also halfway set into the ground with a slightly smaller basic area (4,4 x 4,6 m) had been attached to building 2. The northern wall of this attached building's (building 2/a) was also the southern wall of the neighboring building. The other three walls of building 2/a were built on groundsels set onto a berm on the foundation's edge. These groundsels were probably made of wood. Recovered from the filled in areas of the two buildings were fragments of several graphite pots. There was also a red pot, which was made of a white material, and decorated with stained painting and an engraved spiral line. The finds also included a hybrid Friesach dinar from around 1220-1230 (pictures 17-20). Building 3: A propped building with a roof purlin and with a basic area of 4,4 x 4,2 m was excavated 16 and 23 m north from the aforementioned buildings (pictures 21-22). On the beaten earth floor of the building we found several broken pots made of white and greybrown material (pictures 23-24). The manor was in use during the end of the 12

th and the first half of the 13

th centuries. It was abandoned probably during the Mongol invasion of Hungary (12411242). Previously we had already found wooden-structured agricultural buildings in the city's southern, meliorated areas. 595